Nokea
What is the average cardiac output?
- A. Approximately 4 to 6 L per minute
- B. Approximately 4 to 8 L per minute
- C. Approximately 5 to 8 L per minute
- D. Approximately 3 to 7 L per minute
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (Approximately 4 to 8 L per minute) because the average cardiac output in a healthy adult at rest is around 5 L per minute. This range of 4 to 8 L per minute encompasses the typical cardiac output values. Choice A (Approximately 4 to 6 L per minute) is too narrow and excludes the upper range, while Choice C (Approximately 5 to 8 L per minute) is slightly broader but still within the acceptable range. Choice D (Approximately 3 to 7 L per minute) is too low and does not cover the full spectrum of average cardiac output values.
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Which of the following adverse effects should a nurse check for when administering lidocaine?
- A. Convulsions
- B. Amnesia
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Convulsions are a serious adverse effect of lidocaine toxicity, requiring vigilant monitoring.
Which test measures how much and how quickly you can move air out of your lungs?
- A. Spirometry
- B. Peak flow meter
- C. Lung volume test
- D. Arterial blood gas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spirometry is the correct answer because it measures the volume of air exhaled in a specific time frame, assessing lung function and capacity. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions like asthma and COPD. Peak flow meter measures only the maximum speed of exhalation, not volume. Lung volume test measures the total lung capacity, not the speed of air movement. Arterial blood gas measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, not lung function.
Which of the following structures of the heart is called the pacemaker of the heart?
- A. AV junction
- B. SA node
- C. AV node
- D. Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates and regulates the heartbeat, acting as the heart's natural pacemaker.
At what point in the healing process of the myocardium following an infarct does early scar tissue result in an unstable heart wall?
- A. 2 to 3 days after MI
- B. 4 to 10 days after MI
- C. 10 to 14 days after MI
- D. 6 weeks after MI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Scar tissue forms 4 to 10 days post-MI.
The nurse is caring for a client with atrial fibrillation on dabigatran (Pradaxa). What is the most important instruction to give to the client?
- A. Take the medication with food to prevent stomach upset.
- B. Do not miss a dose and take it at the same time each day.
- C. Avoid consuming alcohol while on this medication.
- D. Monitor for signs of bleeding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Dabigatran is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots.
2. Consistent dosing is crucial to maintain therapeutic levels.
3. Missing doses increases the risk of clot formation.
4. Taking it at the same time daily helps to ensure effectiveness.
Summary:
A: Taking with food is not essential for dabigatran.
C: Alcohol does not directly interact with dabigatran.
D: Monitoring for bleeding is important, but consistent dosing is the priority for efficacy.