Nokea
As the nurse is shaving a patient who is 2 days postoperative from a thyroidectomy, the patient has a spasm of the facial muscles. The nurse will recognize this as which sign?
- A. Chvostek sign
- B. Montgomery sign
- C. Trousseau sign
- D. Homans' sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The spasm of facial muscles when stimulated is the Chvostek sign, an indication of hypocalcemic tetany.
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Another term for hyperglycemic reaction is diabetic ___
Correct Answer: ketoacidosis
Rationale: Hyperglycemic reaction-the body eliminates the excess glucose by the kidneys releasing it in the urine. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (acidosis accompanied by an accumulation of ketones in the blood), formerly called diabetic coma, may develop and the patient could die. DKA is a severe metabolic disturbance caused by an acute insulin deficiency, decreased peripheral glucose use, and increased fat mobilization and ketogenesis.
The nurse cautions the patient who is being instructed on self-medication with insulin to be aware that there are 25-, 30-, 50-, and 100-unit syringes. How is the 100-unit syringe marked?
- A. 1-unit increments
- B. 2-unit increments
- C. 4-unit increments
- D. 5-unit increments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The 100-unit syringe is marked in 2-unit increments while the smaller syringes are marked in 1-unit increments.
The use of radioactive iodine in the treatment of hyperthyroidism is for which purpose?
- A. stimulate the thyroid gland.
- B. depress the pituitary.
- C. destroy some of the thyroid tissue.
- D. alter the stimulus from the pituitary.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Radioactive iodine 131 destroys some of the hyperactive thyroid gland to produce a more normally functioning gland.
The health care provider prescribes glyburide for a patient, when diet and exercise have not been able to control type 2 diabetes. Which information will the nurse reinforce in the teaching plan about this medication?
- A. It is a substitute for insulin and acts by directly stimulating glucose uptake into the cell.
- B. It does not cause the hypoglycemic reactions that may occur with insulin use.
- C. It is thought to stimulate insulin production and increase sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites.
- D. It lowers blood sugar by inhibiting glucagon release from the liver, preventing gluconeogenesis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oral hypoglycemics are compounds that stimulate the beta (β) cells in the pancreas to increase insulin release.
The nurse teaching a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) will include which information about early signs of hypoglycemia?
- A. abdominal pain and nausea.
- B. dyspnea and pallor.
- C. flushing of the skin and headache.
- D. hunger and a trembling sensation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient should be instructed to notify a member of the nursing staff if any signs of hypoglycemic reaction occur: excessive perspiration or trembling.