Nokea
Which instructions will the nurse provide to a patient with diabetes to prevent injury to the feet?
- A. Soak feet in warm water every day.
- B. Avoid going barefoot and always wear shoes with soles.
- C. Use of commercial keratolytic agents to remove corns and calluses are preferred to cutting off corns and calluses.
- D. Use a heating pad to warm feet when they feel cool to the touch.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sturdy, properly fitting shoes should be worn. Use of corn removers and heating pads is not beneficial to preserve the health of a diabetic's feet.
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Which is a sign or symptom of hypoglycemia?
- A. Irritability
- B. Dry mouth
- C. Tremors
- D. Diaphoresis
- E. Fruity breath
- F. Deep respirations
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Hypoglycemic reaction: rapid shallow respirations, irritability, tremors, excessive perspiration, and possibly loss of consciousness.
The nurse caring for a 75-year-old man who has developed diabetes insipidus following a head injury expects to see which aspect emphasized in the plan of care?
- A. limiting fluids to 1500 mL a day.
- B. encouraging physical exercise.
- C. protecting patient from injury.
- D. discouraging daytime naps.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patients need protection from injury because they are often exhausted from sleep deprivation and having to get up frequently at night. Fluids should not be limited and their energy should be preserved.
The nurse expects to see which intervention in the plan of care for a patient who has recently been diagnosed with acromegaly?
- A. Encourage fluids
- B. Maintain leg joints in flexion
- C. Assist with activities of daily living
- D. Monitor for episodes of bleeding into the joints
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing interventions are mainly supportive. The presence of muscle weakness, joint pain, or stiffness warrants assisting with activities of daily living.
The health care provider prescribes glyburide for a patient, when diet and exercise have not been able to control type 2 diabetes. Which information will the nurse reinforce in the teaching plan about this medication?
- A. It is a substitute for insulin and acts by directly stimulating glucose uptake into the cell.
- B. It does not cause the hypoglycemic reactions that may occur with insulin use.
- C. It is thought to stimulate insulin production and increase sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites.
- D. It lowers blood sugar by inhibiting glucagon release from the liver, preventing gluconeogenesis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oral hypoglycemics are compounds that stimulate the beta (β) cells in the pancreas to increase insulin release.
Which precaution(s) will the nurse take when caring for a patient who is being treated with radioactive iodine 131 (RAIU)?
- A. Initiate radioactive safety precautions.
- B. Avoid assigning any young woman to the patient.
- C. Wait 3 days after dose before assigning a pregnant nurse to care for this patient.
- D. Advise visitors to sit at least 10 ft away from the patient.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The dose is patient specific and at a very low level. No radioactive safety precautions are necessary and pregnant nurses can be assigned 3 days after the dose. RAIU is not harmful to nonpregnant women.