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For which reason would a patient with hyperthyroidism be prescribed the drug methimazole?
- A. To limit the effect of the pituitary on the thyroid.
- B. To destroy part of the hyperactive thyroid tissue.
- C. To stimulate the pineal gland.
- D. To block the production of thyroid hormones.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medical management for hyperthyroidism may include administration of drugs that block the production of thyroid hormones, such as propylthiouracil or methimazole.
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A patient has come to the clinic because of enlarged hands and feet, amenorrhea, and increased hair growth. These symptoms most likely indicate problems with which endocrine gland?
- A. pituitary gland.
- B. adrenal glands.
- C. thyroid gland.
- D. pancreas.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pituitary gland may produce an overabundance of growth hormone. This overproduction of hormones may cause changes throughout the patient's body, including enlargement of the pituitary gland and hands and feet. Female patients may develop a deepened voice, increased facial hair growth, and amenorrhea. In a fully grown adult, this condition is acromegaly.
The health care provider orders an 1800-calorie diabetic diet and 40 units of NPH insulin subcutaneously daily for a patient with diabetes mellitus. For which reason will a mid-afternoon snack of milk and crackers be given?
- A. To improve nutrition.
- B. To improve carbohydrate metabolism.
- C. To prevent hypoglycemia
- D. To prevent diabetic coma.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NPH insulin peaks in 6-10 hours. The nurse should be alert for signs of hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) at the peak of action of whatever type of insulin the patient is receiving.
Which gland is the master gland of the endocrine system?
- A. Thyroid
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Pancreas
- D. Pituitary
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pituitary gland, located in the brain, is the master gland of the endocrine system. It has been called the 'master gland' because through the negative feedback inhibition, it exerts its control over the other endocrine glands.
The nurse would instruct a patient with hypocalcemia from hypoparathyroidism about a diet that should include which item?
- A. high phosphorus foods.
- B. canned fish with the bones.
- C. cucumbers.
- D. tofu.
- E. bananas.
- F. Tomatoes
Correct Answer: B,C,D,F
Rationale: The hypocalcemic patient should eat a high-calcium, low-phosphorus diet that includes canned fish, cucumbers, tofu, and tomatoes as an aid to the absorption of the calcium.
Which test will furnish immediate feedback for a newly diagnosed diabetic who is not yet under control?
- A. Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
- B. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
- C. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
- D. Clinitest
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetics should do a finger-stick blood glucose level test before each meal and at bedtime each day until their disease is under control. The HbA1c serum test reveals the effectiveness of diabetes therapy for the preceding 8 to 12 weeks.