Nokea
The nurse teaching a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) will include which information about early signs of hypoglycemia?
- A. abdominal pain and nausea.
- B. dyspnea and pallor.
- C. flushing of the skin and headache.
- D. hunger and a trembling sensation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient should be instructed to notify a member of the nursing staff if any signs of hypoglycemic reaction occur: excessive perspiration or trembling.
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Which gland is the master gland of the endocrine system?
- A. Thyroid
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Pancreas
- D. Pituitary
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pituitary gland, located in the brain, is the master gland of the endocrine system. It has been called the 'master gland' because through the negative feedback inhibition, it exerts its control over the other endocrine glands.
Lispro has an onset of action within how many minutes?
- A. 90
- B. 60
- C. 15
- D. 45
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lispro begins to take effect in less than half the time of regular, fast-acting insulin. The new formula can be injected 15 minutes before a meal.
The health care provider prescribes glyburide for a patient, when diet and exercise have not been able to control type 2 diabetes. Which information will the nurse reinforce in the teaching plan about this medication?
- A. It is a substitute for insulin and acts by directly stimulating glucose uptake into the cell.
- B. It does not cause the hypoglycemic reactions that may occur with insulin use.
- C. It is thought to stimulate insulin production and increase sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites.
- D. It lowers blood sugar by inhibiting glucagon release from the liver, preventing gluconeogenesis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oral hypoglycemics are compounds that stimulate the beta (β) cells in the pancreas to increase insulin release.
Which action will the nurse take for the postoperative care of the patient who had a thyroidectomy?
- A. Assessing ability to speak by asking him or her to recite name and address every hour
- B. Maintaining anatomic position of the head when moving a patient
- C. Assisting a patient to hyperextend the head to assess for muscle damage
- D. Doing voice check every 2 hours
- E. Turning, coughing every hour
- F. Checking for bleeding at the sides and the back of the head
Correct Answer: B,D,F
Rationale: The nurse should hold the head in an anatomic position when moving the patient to prevent tension on the suture line, do a voice check every 2 to 4 hours by asking the patient to say 'ah'; the patient is not turned nor is coughing recommended immediately after a thyroidectomy.
Only ___ insulin can be administered intravenously.
Correct Answer: regular
Rationale: Insulin is given subcutaneously, although intravenous (IV) administration of regular insulin can be done when immediate onset of action is desired.