Nokea
Which is the role of cortisol?
- A. Glucose metabolism
- B. Releasing androgens and estrogens
- C. Providing extra reserve energy during stress
- D. Decreasing the level of potassium in the bloodstream
- E. Increasing retention of sodium in the bloodstream
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Cortisol is involved in glucose metabolism and provides extra reserve energy in times of stress.
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The nurse explains that the negative feedback inhibition controls hormone release by communication between which two anatomical areas?
- A. the pituitary and the target organ.
- B. the thymus and the bloodstream.
- C. lymphatic system and the target organ.
- D. central nervous system and the bloodstream.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The amount of hormone released is controlled by negative feedback inhibition. The negative feedback inhibition process is when a gland releases a primary hormone, which stimulates target cells to release a secondary hormone; the gland slows the release of the primary hormone as it senses the rise of the secondary hormone. Information is constantly being exchanged via the bloodstream between target organs and endocrine glands.
Which condition does the Chvostek sign and the Trousseau sign indicate?
- A. Low levels of serum calcium
- B. High levels of blood sugar
- C. Low levels of serum sodium
- D. High levels of serum aldosterone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low levels of blood calcium may cause the Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign.
A patient has returned to his room after a thyroidectomy with signs of thyroid crisis. During thyroid crisis, exaggerated hyperthyroid manifestations may lead to the development of which potentially lethal complication?
- A. severe nausea and vomiting.
- B. bradycardia.
- C. delirium with restlessness.
- D. congestive heart failure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In thyroid crisis, all the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism are exaggerated. The patient may develop congestive heart failure and die.
A patient has come to the clinic because of enlarged hands and feet, amenorrhea, and increased hair growth. These symptoms most likely indicate problems with which endocrine gland?
- A. pituitary gland.
- B. adrenal glands.
- C. thyroid gland.
- D. pancreas.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pituitary gland may produce an overabundance of growth hormone. This overproduction of hormones may cause changes throughout the patient's body, including enlargement of the pituitary gland and hands and feet. Female patients may develop a deepened voice, increased facial hair growth, and amenorrhea. In a fully grown adult, this condition is acromegaly.
Another term for hyperglycemic reaction is diabetic ___
Correct Answer: ketoacidosis
Rationale: Hyperglycemic reaction-the body eliminates the excess glucose by the kidneys releasing it in the urine. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (acidosis accompanied by an accumulation of ketones in the blood), formerly called diabetic coma, may develop and the patient could die. DKA is a severe metabolic disturbance caused by an acute insulin deficiency, decreased peripheral glucose use, and increased fat mobilization and ketogenesis.