Nokea
The patient being treated for hypothyroidism has been instructed to eat well-balanced meals including intake of iodine. The nurse will reinforce instructions to eat which food containing iodine?
- A. Eggs
- B. Pork
- C. White bread
- D. Skinless chicken
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The diet for hypothyroidism should be adequate in intake of iodine, in foods such as saltwater fish, milk, and eggs; fluids should be increased to help prevent constipation.
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Which gland is the master gland of the endocrine system?
- A. Thyroid
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Pancreas
- D. Pituitary
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pituitary gland, located in the brain, is the master gland of the endocrine system. It has been called the 'master gland' because through the negative feedback inhibition, it exerts its control over the other endocrine glands.
The patient is a 20-year-old college student who has type 1 diabetes and normally walks each evening as part of an exercise regimen. The patient plans to enroll in a swimming class. Which adjustment will the nurse suggest to the patient based on this information?
- A. Time the morning insulin injection so that the peak action will occur during swimming class.
- B. Delete normal walks on swimming class days.
- C. Delay the meal before the swimming class until the session is over.
- D. Monitor glucose level before, during, and after swimming to determine the need for alterations in food or insulin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exercise can reduce insulin resistance and increase glucose uptake for as long as 72 hours, as well as reducing blood pressure and lipid levels. However, exercise can carry some risks for patients with diabetes, including hypoglycemia.
For which reason would a patient with hyperthyroidism be prescribed the drug methimazole?
- A. To limit the effect of the pituitary on the thyroid.
- B. To destroy part of the hyperactive thyroid tissue.
- C. To stimulate the pineal gland.
- D. To block the production of thyroid hormones.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medical management for hyperthyroidism may include administration of drugs that block the production of thyroid hormones, such as propylthiouracil or methimazole.
The nurse would instruct a patient with hypocalcemia from hypoparathyroidism about a diet that should include which item?
- A. high phosphorus foods.
- B. canned fish with the bones.
- C. cucumbers.
- D. tofu.
- E. bananas.
- F. Tomatoes
Correct Answer: B,C,D,F
Rationale: The hypocalcemic patient should eat a high-calcium, low-phosphorus diet that includes canned fish, cucumbers, tofu, and tomatoes as an aid to the absorption of the calcium.
The nurse caring for a 75-year-old man who has developed diabetes insipidus following a head injury expects to see which aspect emphasized in the plan of care?
- A. limiting fluids to 1500 mL a day.
- B. encouraging physical exercise.
- C. protecting patient from injury.
- D. discouraging daytime naps.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patients need protection from injury because they are often exhausted from sleep deprivation and having to get up frequently at night. Fluids should not be limited and their energy should be preserved.