Nokea
Which diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus provides a measure of glucose levels for the previous 8 to 12 weeks?
- A. Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
- B. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGT)
- C. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
- D. Postprandial glucose test (PPBG)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) - This blood test measures the amount of glucose that has become incorporated into the hemoglobin within an erythrocyte. Because glycosylation occurs constantly during the 120-day lifespan of the erythrocyte, this test reveals the effectiveness of diabetes therapy for the preceding 8 to 12 weeks.
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Which extra equipment will the nurse provide at the bedside of a patient who has returned to the nursing unit after a thyroidectomy three hours ago?
- A. Large bandage scissors
- B. Tracheotomy tray
- C. Ventilator
- D. Water-sealed drainage system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: There should be a suction apparatus and tracheotomy tray available for emergency use.
The nurse explains that the negative feedback inhibition controls hormone release by communication between which two anatomical areas?
- A. the pituitary and the target organ.
- B. the thymus and the bloodstream.
- C. lymphatic system and the target organ.
- D. central nervous system and the bloodstream.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The amount of hormone released is controlled by negative feedback inhibition. The negative feedback inhibition process is when a gland releases a primary hormone, which stimulates target cells to release a secondary hormone; the gland slows the release of the primary hormone as it senses the rise of the secondary hormone. Information is constantly being exchanged via the bloodstream between target organs and endocrine glands.
A patient has undergone tests that indicate a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone secretion. The nurse will inform the patient of which potential complication?
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Lethargy
- C. Laryngeal spasms
- D. Kidney stones
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Decreased parathyroid hormone levels in the bloodstream cause a decreased calcium level. Severe hypocalcemia may result in laryngeal spasm, stridor, cyanosis, and increased possibility of asphyxia.
Which information should be obtained from the patient before treatment with iodine-131?
- A. Presence of metal in the body
- B. Allergy to sulfa drugs
- C. Status of possible pregnancy
- D. Use of prescription drugs for hypertension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Iodine-131 is not a radiation hazard to the nonpregnant patient but is absolutely contraindicated during pregnancy. Pregnant nurses should not care for this patient for several days.
Which is the role of cortisol?
- A. Glucose metabolism
- B. Releasing androgens and estrogens
- C. Providing extra reserve energy during stress
- D. Decreasing the level of potassium in the bloodstream
- E. Increasing retention of sodium in the bloodstream
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Cortisol is involved in glucose metabolism and provides extra reserve energy in times of stress.