Nokea
Which disorder is a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus?
- A. Diverticulitis
- B. Renal failure
- C. Hypothyroidism
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Long-term complications of diabetes include blindness, cardiovascular problems, and renal failure.
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Which is a sign or symptom of hypoglycemia?
- A. Irritability
- B. Dry mouth
- C. Tremors
- D. Diaphoresis
- E. Fruity breath
- F. Deep respirations
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Hypoglycemic reaction: rapid shallow respirations, irritability, tremors, excessive perspiration, and possibly loss of consciousness.
The nurse expects to see which intervention in the plan of care for a patient who has recently been diagnosed with acromegaly?
- A. Encourage fluids
- B. Maintain leg joints in flexion
- C. Assist with activities of daily living
- D. Monitor for episodes of bleeding into the joints
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing interventions are mainly supportive. The presence of muscle weakness, joint pain, or stiffness warrants assisting with activities of daily living.
The patient is a 20-year-old college student who has type 1 diabetes and normally walks each evening as part of an exercise regimen. The patient plans to enroll in a swimming class. Which adjustment will the nurse suggest to the patient based on this information?
- A. Time the morning insulin injection so that the peak action will occur during swimming class.
- B. Delete normal walks on swimming class days.
- C. Delay the meal before the swimming class until the session is over.
- D. Monitor glucose level before, during, and after swimming to determine the need for alterations in food or insulin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exercise can reduce insulin resistance and increase glucose uptake for as long as 72 hours, as well as reducing blood pressure and lipid levels. However, exercise can carry some risks for patients with diabetes, including hypoglycemia.
A patient has returned to his room after a thyroidectomy with signs of thyroid crisis. During thyroid crisis, exaggerated hyperthyroid manifestations may lead to the development of which potentially lethal complication?
- A. severe nausea and vomiting.
- B. bradycardia.
- C. delirium with restlessness.
- D. congestive heart failure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In thyroid crisis, all the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism are exaggerated. The patient may develop congestive heart failure and die.
As the nurse is shaving a patient who is 2 days postoperative from a thyroidectomy, the patient has a spasm of the facial muscles. The nurse will recognize this as which sign?
- A. Chvostek sign
- B. Montgomery sign
- C. Trousseau sign
- D. Homans' sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The spasm of facial muscles when stimulated is the Chvostek sign, an indication of hypocalcemic tetany.