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As the nurse working in a gerontology clinic, you know that some elderly people do not adhere to therapeutic regimens because of chronic illnesses that require long-term treatment by several health care providers. What is the most important consideration when dealing with this segment of the population?
- A. Health care professionals must know all the dietary supplements the patient is taking.
- B. Health care professionals must work together to provide coordinated care.
- C. Health care professionals may negate the efforts of another health care provider.
- D. Health care professionals must have a peer witness their interactions with the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Above all, health care professionals must work together to provide continuous, coordinated care; otherwise, the efforts of one health care professional may be negated by those of another. Interactions do not necessarily need to be witnessed. The care team should be aware of the patients use of supplements, but this is not a priority principle that guides overall care.
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A 20-year-old man newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes needs to learn how to self-administer insulin. When planning the appropriate educational interventions and considering variables that will affect his learning, the nurse should prioritize which of the following factors?
- A. Patients expected lifespan
- B. Patients gender
- C. Patients occupation
- D. Patients culture
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: One of the major variables that influences a patients readiness to learn is the patients culture, because it affects how a person learns and what information is learned. Other variables include illness states, values, emotional readiness, and physical readiness. Lifespan, occupation, and gender are variables that are usually less salient.
A recent nursing graduate is aware that the nursing scope of practice goes far beyond what is characterized as bedside care. Which of the following is a nurses primary responsibility?
- A. To promote activities that enhance community cohesion
- B. To encourage individuals self-awareness
- C. To promote activities that foster well-being
- D. To influence individuals social interactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: As health care professionals, nurses have a responsibility to promote activities that foster well-being, self-actualization, and personal fulfillment. Nurses often promote activities that enhance the community and encourage self-awareness; however, they are not a nurses central responsibility. As professionals, nurses do not actively seek to influence social interactions.
A public health nurse understands that health promotion should continue across the lifespan. When planning health promotion initiatives, when in the lifespan should health promotion begin?
- A. Adolescence
- B. School age
- C. Preschool
- D. Before birth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Health promotion should begin prior to birth because the health practices of a mother prior to the birth of her child can be influenced positively or negatively. This makes the other options incorrect.
A parish nurse is describing the relationships between health and physical fitness to a group of older adults who all attend the same church. What potential benefits of a regular exercise program should the nurse describe? Select all that apply.
- A. Decreased cholesterol levels
- B. Delayed degenerative changes
- C. Improved sensory function
- D. Improved overall muscle strength
- E. Increased blood sugar levels
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Clinicians and researchers who have examined the relationship between health and physical fitness have found that a regular exercise program can promote health in the following ways: by decreasing cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels; delaying degenerative changes, such as osteoporosis; and improving flexibility and overall muscle strength and endurance. Physical fitness does not improve the senses or increase blood sugar.
The nurse is teaching a local community group about the importance of disease prevention. Why is the nurse justified in emphasizing disease prevention as a component of health promotion?
- A. Prevention is emphasized as the link between personal behavior and health.
- B. Most Americans die of preventable causes.
- C. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) now emphasize prevention as the main criterion of health care.
- D. External environment affects the outcome of most disease processes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Healthy People 2020 defines the current national health-promotion and disease-prevention initiative for the nation. The overall goals are to (1) increase the quality and years of healthy life for people and (2) eliminate health disparities among various segments of the population. Most deaths are not classified as being preventable. HMO priorities do not underlie this emphasis. The external environment affects many disease processes, but the course of illness is primarily determined by factors intrinsic to the patient.