Nokea
As the potassium ions move out of the axon, the oscilloscope records a ________.
- A. depolarization
- B. repolarization
- C. equalizing of negative and positive ions
- D. shutdown of the membrane pumps
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As potassium ions move out of the axon during repolarization, the oscilloscope records a return of the membrane potential to its negative resting state. This phase of the action potential is called repolarization and is essential for resetting the neuron so it can fire another action potential. Repolarization ensures that the neuron is ready to transmit subsequent nerve impulses.
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The following are true about the pupils:
- A. pupil size is largest in adolescence
- B. physiological anisocoria is found in 20% of the population
- C. the latent period of the pupil reaction to light ranges from 0.2 to 0.5s
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pupil size is largest in adolescence and decreases with age. Physiological anisocoria (unequal pupil size) is present in about 20% of the population. The latent period for the pupillary light reflex is typically 0.2 to 0.5 seconds.
Nurse Hernandez is conducting an assessment of a client with Parkinson's disease. During the evaluation, she identifies bradykinesia when she observes the client displaying:
- A. Sudden, involuntary muscle contraction.
- B. Inability to move the limbs.
- C. Tremor that occurs with purposeful movement.
- D. A noticeable reduction in voluntary movements.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bradykinesia refers to the slowness of movement, a hallmark symptom of Parkinson's disease.
Epilepsy is considered a diagnosis when there are how many unprovoked seizures?
- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. 4
- D. 5
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epilepsy is diagnosed when an individual experiences at least two unprovoked seizures separated by more than 24 hours. This criterion helps distinguish epilepsy from isolated seizure events caused by temporary factors like fever or alcohol withdrawal.
The nurse is explaining the neurological system to a group of nursing students. How many pairs of spinal nerves should the nurse explain are contained within the human body?
- A. 15
- B. 25
- C. 31
- D. 42
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the human body: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Understanding the anatomy of the spinal nerves is essential for explaining neurological function.
Area(s) in the visual cortex involved in colour vision include:
- A. V1
- B. V2
- C. V3
- D. V8
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Area V8, also known as the colour centre, is specifically involved in colour vision. V1, V2, and V3 are involved in early visual processing but not exclusively in colour vision.