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As the primary caregiver for a 5-month-old baby, according to Maslow's hierarchy of basic needs, which intervention takes the highest priority?
- A. Feeding every four hours
- B. Protection from harm
- C. Providing stimulation
- D. Providing love
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Feeding every four hours. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs, such as food, water, and warmth, take the highest priority. Ensuring that the baby is fed regularly is crucial for survival and overall health. Choice B, protection from harm, relates more to safety needs which come after physiological needs. Choice C, providing stimulation, is associated with higher-level needs like belongingness and esteem. Choice D, providing love, corresponds to esteem and self-actualization needs, which are higher in the hierarchy than physiological needs.
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One of the most critical needs of the infant is control of body temperature. The nurse caring for a newborn warms all equipment that comes in direct contact with the newborn to help prevent which type of heat loss?
- A. Convection
- B. Evaporation
- C. Conduction
- D. Radiation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Conduction (choice C). Conduction heat loss occurs when the newborn's skin comes into direct contact with a cooler surface, so warming equipment helps prevent this. Choice A, Convection, is the transfer of heat through air or water currents, not direct contact. Choice B, Evaporation, is the loss of heat through moisture on the skin evaporating, not direct contact. Choice D, Radiation, is the transfer of heat in the form of waves or particles, not direct contact.
The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?
- A. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool-aged
- B. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures
- C. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications
- D. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for it to be effective
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Allowing the child to make choices, such as selecting the type of juice, helps to maintain a sense of control and reduce anxiety, ensuring atraumatic care.
Which term best describes the sharing of common characteristics that differentiate one group from other groups in a society?
- A. Race
- B. Culture
- C. Ethnicity
- D. Superiority
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ethnicity refers to the shared characteristics such as nationality, culture, language, and beliefs that differentiate one group from another.
The nurse is caring for a child with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
- A. Occurs after a urinary tract infection
- B. Occurs after a streptococcal infection
- C. Associated with renal vascular disorders
- D. Is caused by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Occurs after a streptococcal infection.' Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis often occurs after an infection with certain strains of streptococcus bacteria, specifically group A streptococcus. The body's immune response to the infection leads to inflammation and damage in the kidneys. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is primarily associated with streptococcal infections, not urinary tract infections, renal vascular disorders, or E. coli.
Parents of a preschool child ask the nurse, "Should we set rules for our child as part of a discipline plan?" Which is an accurate response by the nurse?
- A. It is best to delay the punishment if a rule is broken.
- B. The child is too young for rules. At this age, unrestricted freedom is best.
- C. It is best to set the rules and reason with the child when the rules are broken.
- D. Set clear and reasonable rules and expect the same behavior regardless of the circumstances.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clear and reasonable rules provide structure and help children understand expectations, promoting consistent behavior and discipline.