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Literacy rates are lower today than they were fifteen years ago. Then, most people learned to read through the use of phonics. Today, whole language programs are favored by many educators.
Assuming this statement is true, which of the answer choices is a logical conclusion?
- A. Whole language is more effective at teaching people to read than phonics.
- B. Phonics is more effective at teaching people to read than whole language.
- C. Literacy rates will probably continue to decline over the next 15 years.
- D. The definition of what it means to be literate is much stricter now.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If we consider the information provided in the extract that literacy rates were higher when phonics was predominantly used and have declined since whole language programs became more popular, it logically follows that phonics is more effective at teaching people to read than whole language. Choice A is incorrect as the extract suggests the opposite. Choice C cannot be concluded based on the information provided; it is an assumption beyond the scope of the data. Choice D is also unrelated to the information given and does not logically follow from the provided statement.
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As a plunger is depressed, air inside the wide rubber cup is pushed out. This depression action forms a strong, airtight seal around the top of a clogged pipe and the plunger cup is held fast by the air pressure of the user. Continued plunging â€pressing down on the plungerâ€causes an increase in pressure inside the clogged pipe and will usually force out whatever may be causing the clog.
Which word in the passage shows that the plunger is depressed and air is pushed out at the same time?
- A. Out
- B. Continued
- C. As
- D. Causes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: As.' In the provided extract, the word 'As' is used to indicate the simultaneous action of depressing the plunger and pushing out the air. It establishes a connection between the two actions, showing that they occur together. Choice A, 'Out,' refers to the result of pushing the air out, not the action happening simultaneously. Choice B, 'Continued,' suggests a subsequent action rather than a simultaneous one. Choice D, 'Causes,' indicates a cause-and-effect relationship, not the action happening simultaneously like the word 'As' does.
As little as three years before her birth, few would have thought that the child born
Princess Alexandrina Victoria would eventually become Britain's longest reigning monarch,
Queen Victoria. She was born in 1819, the only child of Edward, Duke of Kent, who was the
fourth son of King George III. Ahead of Edward were three brothers, two of whom became
king but none of whom produced a legitimate, surviving heir. King George's eldest son, who
was eventually crowned King George IV, secretly married a Catholic commoner, Maria
Fitzherbert, in 1783. The marriage was never officially recognized, and in 1795, George was
persuaded to marry a distant cousin, Caroline of Brunswick. The marriage was bitter, and
the two had only one daughter, Princess Charlotte Augusta. She was popular in England
where her eventual reign was welcomed, but in a tragic event that shocked the nation, the
princess and her stillborn son died in childbirth in 1817.
Realizing the precarious position of the British throne, the remaining sons of King
George III were motivated to marry and produce an heir. The first in line was Prince
Frederick, the Duke of York. Frederick married Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, but
the two had no children. After Prince Frederick was Prince William, the Duke of Clarence.
William married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, and they had two sickly daughters,
neither of whom survived infancy. Finally, Prince Edward, the Duke of Kent, threw his hat
into the ring with his marriage to Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. The Duke of
Kent died less than a year after his daughter's birth, but the surviving Duchess of Kent was
not unaware of the future possibilities for her daughter. She took every precaution to
ensure that the young Princess Victoria was healthy and safe throughout her childhood.
Princess Victoria's uncle, William, succeeded his brother George IV to become King
William IV. The new king recognized his niece as his future heir, but he did not necessarily
trust her mother. As a result, he was determined to survive until Victoria's eighteenth
birthday to ensure that she could rule in her own right without the regency of the Duchess
of Kent. The king's fervent prayers were answered: he died June 20, 1837, less than one
month after Victoria turned eighteen. Though young and inexperienced, the young queen
recognized the importance of her position and determined to rule fairly and wisely. The
improbable princess who became queen ruled for more than sixty-three years, and her
reign is considered to be one of the most important in British history.
Which of the following shows the correct chronological order of events from the passage?
- A. Princess Charlotte Augusta died, Princess Alexandrina Victoria was born, King George IV married Maria Fitzherbert, King George IV married Caroline of Brunswick
- B. Princess Alexandrina Victoria was born, King George IV married Maria Fitzherbert, King George IV married Caroline of Brunswick, Princess Charlotte Augusta died
- C. King George IV married Maria Fitzherbert, King George IV married Caroline of Brunswick, Princess Charlotte Augusta died, Princess Alexandrina Victoria was born
- D. King George IV married Caroline of Brunswick, Princess Charlotte Augusta died, King George IV married Maria Fitzherbert, Princess Alexandrina Victoria was born
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The passage provides a timeline of events related to King George IV, Princess Charlotte Augusta, and Princess Alexandrina Victoria. King George IV secretly married Maria Fitzherbert in 1783 and later married Caroline of Brunswick in 1795. Princess Charlotte Augusta, the daughter of King George IV and Caroline, died in 1817. Princess Alexandrina Victoria, who later became Queen Victoria, was born in 1819. Therefore, the correct chronological order of events is: King George IV married Maria Fitzherbert, King George IV married Caroline of Brunswick, Princess Charlotte Augusta died, and Princess Alexandrina Victoria was born (Choice C). Choices A, B, and D do not follow the correct chronological order as depicted in the passage.
In the United States, the foreign language requirement for high school graduation is
decided at the state level. This means the requirement varies, with some states deciding to
forego a foreign language requirement altogether (www.ncssfl.org). It is necessary that these states reconsider their position and amend their requirements to reflect compulsory
completion of a course of one or more foreign languages. Studying a foreign language has
become increasingly important for the global economy. As technology continues to make
international business relations increasingly easy, people need to keep up by increasing
their communication capabilities. High school graduates with foreign language credits have
been shown to have an increased college acceptance rate. In addition, students who have
mastered more than one language typically find themselves in greater demand when they
reach the job market. Students who did not study a foreign language often find themselves
unable to obtain a job at all.
Which of the following statements represents an exaggerated claim in support of the argument presented in this passage?
- A. In the United States, the foreign language requirement for high school graduation varies depending on the state.
- B. Studying a foreign language is crucial for success in the global economy.
- C. High school graduates with foreign language credits have a higher college acceptance rate.
- D. Students who did not study a foreign language are completely unable to secure any job.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it is an exaggerated claim to state that students who did not study a foreign language are completely unable to secure any job. While proficiency in a foreign language may enhance job prospects, it is unrealistic to suggest that not studying one would render someone unemployable. Choice A provides a factual statement about the variation in foreign language requirements, so it cannot be considered an exaggeration. Choices B and C highlight the increasing importance of foreign language skills and the benefits of having them, which are supported by trends and studies. These choices may be debatable, but they are not exaggerated claims.
A recycling company collects sorted materials from its clients. The materials are weighed and then processed for re-use. The chart shows the weights of various classes of materials that were collected by the company during a representative month. Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the data in the chart?
- A. Paper products, including cardboard, make up a majority of the collected materials.
- B. One quarter of the materials collected are made of glass.
- C. More plastic is collected than cardboard.
- D. Plastic and cardboard together represent a larger portion of the collected materials than glass bottles.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The chart data does not support the statement that more plastic is collected than cardboard. Looking at the chart data, we can see that paper products, including cardboard, make up the majority of the collected materials. Glass accounts for one quarter of the materials collected. When we compare plastic and cardboard, we can see that cardboard weighs more than plastic. Therefore, the statement that more plastic is collected than cardboard is not supported by the data. Additionally, combining plastic and cardboard weights still does not exceed the weight of glass bottles according to the chart.
Based on the scenario provided, which of the following inferences can be validly made?
- A. This director consistently produces unsuccessful movies.
- B. Movie reviews have no impact on the success of a film.
- C. The movie reviewers' assessments of the first movie were correct.
- D. The director's next movie will receive positive reviews.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer because the scenario indicates that the negative reviews of the first movie were accurate, as the subsequent poor performance of the movie aligns with the critics' assessments. Choices A and D are incorrect as the scenario only provides information about the first movie and its repercussions, not about the director's consistent performance or the future reception of their movies. Choice B is incorrect because the scenario clearly demonstrates that negative reviews had a significant impact on the movie's performance, contradicting the idea that movie reviews have no influence.