Nokea
At the scene of the accident in which position should Joe be placed before being transported by ambulance to the emergency room?
- A. The position in which he was found
- B. Lateral position with arms flexed
- C. Supine position with head in neutral position
- D. Supine position with head flexed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neutral head position prevents further spinal injury.
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A husband visiting his wife in the hospital suddenly becomes confused and has difficulty with speech and starts slurring his words. The physician caring for his wife recognizes this as a cerebrovascular accident. What would you expect the physician to do?
- A. Administer TPA since this is within 3 hours of the CVS.
- B. Assess if the husband had an ischemic or hemorrhagic CVS.
- C. Tell the husband to go home, get rest, and to call the physician in the morning if the symptoms continue.
- D. Admit the husband and place him on bed rest.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It's critical to determine the type of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) before treatment.
The patient is diagnosed with Brown-Séquard syndrome after a knife wound to the spine. Which description accurately describes this syndrome?
- A. Damage to the most distal cord and nerve roots, resulting in flaccid paralysis of the lower limbs and areflexic bowel and bladder
- B. Spinal cord damage resulting in ipsilateral motor paralysis and contralateral loss of pain and sensation below the level of the lesion
- C. Rare cord damage resulting in loss of proprioception below the lesion level with retention of motor control and temperature and pain sensation
- D. Often caused by flexion injury with acute compression of cord resulting in complete motor paralysis and loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of injury
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Brown-Séquard syndrome involves ipsilateral motor deficits and contralateral sensory deficits.
Which of the following can NOT be prevented with a vaccine?
- A. tetanus
- B. pneumococcal meningitis
- C. meningococcal meningitis
- D. listeriosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: listeriosis. Listeriosis is caused by a bacterium and there is currently no vaccine available for it. Tetanus, pneumococcal meningitis, and meningococcal meningitis, on the other hand, are all preventable with vaccines. Tetanus is prevented by the DTaP vaccine, pneumococcal meningitis by the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and meningococcal meningitis by the meningococcal vaccine. Therefore, listeriosis is the only condition among the options that cannot be prevented with a vaccine.
How can the nurse examine the client for stiffness and rigidity of the neck?
- A. By positioning the client flat on the bed for at least three hours.
- B. By moving the head and chin of the client towards the chest.
- C. By asking the client to bend and pick up small and large objects on the floor.
- D. By introducing a painful stimulus on the neck.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This movement checks for neck stiffness indicative of neurological issues.
The ________ ________ consists of glands that secrete hormones:
- A. nervous system
- B. immune system
- C. endocrine system
- D. cerebral cortex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Hormones act as chemical messengers, influencing target organs and tissues to maintain homeostasis. The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to coordinate the body's responses to internal and external changes.