Nokea
During treatment of the patient with an acute attack of gout, the nurse would expect to administer which drug?
- A. Aspirin
- B. Colchicine
- C. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
- D. Probenecid (Benemid)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Colchicine treats acute gout attacks.
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Which of these physiological changes would not be considered part of the sympathetic fight-or-flight response?
- A. increased heart rate
- B. increased sweating
- C. dilated pupils
- D. increased stomach motility
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: increased stomach motility. In the sympathetic fight-or-flight response, the body prioritizes blood flow to essential organs and muscles, leading to decreased activity in non-essential functions like digestion (stomach motility). This is to conserve energy for immediate action. Increased heart rate, sweating, and dilated pupils are all part of the fight-or-flight response as they prepare the body for quick action and heightened awareness.
A 71-year-old patient has had PD for 8 years and is currently taking pramipexole 1.5 mg three times a day and carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 mg four times a day. His wife claims that he is complaining of seeing spiders and bugs running across the floor and imaginary children in their house. The first thing to do is:
- A. Increase the pramipexole dose.
- B. Reduce the pramipexole dose.
- C. Increase the carbidopa/levodopa dose.
- D. Reduce the carbidopa/levodopa dose.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hallucinations in PD patients are often a side effect of dopamine agonists like pramipexole. Reducing the dose can help alleviate these symptoms.
The x-ray shows that the patient's fracture is at the remodeling stage. What characteristics of the fracture healing process are happening at this stage (select one that doesn't apply)?
- A. Radiologic union
- B. Absorption of excess cells
- C. Return to preinjury strength and shape
- D. Semisolid blood clot at the ends of fragments
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During the remodeling stage, radiologic union occurs, excess cells are absorbed, and the bone returns to its preinjury strength and shape.
A patient becomes startled when the alarm rings for a fire drill. After reassuring the patient that there is no danger, an assessment is completed. Which finding may be related to a sympathetic response?
- A. Wheezing
- B. Confusion
- C. Incontinence
- D. Diminished bowel sounds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A sympathetic response, or fight-or-flight reaction, includes decreased gastrointestinal activity, leading to diminished bowel sounds. Wheezing, confusion, and incontinence are not typical sympathetic responses. Understanding the autonomic nervous system helps explain physiological changes during stress.
Which is the CORRECT myotome?
- A. S1 supplies hip abduction
- B. ?
- C. L3, 4 causes knee extension
- D. ?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The L3 and L4 nerve roots innervate the quadriceps muscles, which are responsible for knee extension. This is important in assessing lumbar nerve root function.