Nokea
B cells receive T cell help for antibody production in which specific lymph node structure
- A. Paracortex
- B. Medulla
- C. Cortex
- D. Follicles
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: I'm sorry, but there seems to be an error in the question as there is no option E provided. Would you like me to assist you with another question or topic?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between innate and adaptive immunity?
- A. Innate immunity suppresses adaptive immunity
- B. Adaptive immunity enhances innate immune functions
- C. Innate immunity activates and stimulates adaptive immunity
- D. They function entirely independently of each other
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because innate immunity plays a crucial role in initiating and influencing adaptive immunity. Innate immunity activates and stimulates adaptive immune responses by recognizing pathogens and initiating the adaptive immune system to produce specific responses. This relationship is essential for the body's overall immune defense.
Choice A is incorrect because innate immunity does not suppress adaptive immunity; instead, they work together synergistically. Choice B is incorrect because adaptive immunity does not enhance innate immune functions, but rather complements them. Choice D is incorrect because innate and adaptive immunity are interconnected and work together to provide comprehensive immune protection.
What is the role of macrophages in granuloma formation?
- A. Neutralizing histamine
- B. Engulfing antigens but failing to destroy them
- C. Stimulating IgE production
- D. Producing antibodies against antigens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because macrophages play a crucial role in granuloma formation by engulfing antigens but failing to destroy them, leading to the formation of a cluster of immune cells to contain the persistent antigen. Macrophages present antigens to T cells, triggering an immune response. Other choices are incorrect as macrophages do not neutralize histamine, stimulate IgE production, or produce antibodies against antigens in the context of granuloma formation.
Match the following:
- A. 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a
- B. 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a
- C. 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c
- D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c.
1. The first match should be b, as it aligns with the order given.
2. The second match should be d, as it aligns with the order given.
3. The third match should be a, as it aligns with the order given.
4. The fourth match should be c, as it aligns with the order given.
Therefore, option C is the correct match based on the given order. Other choices are incorrect because they do not align with the given order of matches.
Which of the following statements is NOT true
- A. T cells expressing CD4 exert their function mainly through secretion of cytokines
- B. CD8 T cells interact with MHC class I molecules on antigen presenting cells
- C. CD4 T cells can help B cells because B cells express MHC class II molecules and can present antigen to T cells
- D. CD3 is not necessary for TCR signaling in cytotoxic T cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because CD3 is indeed necessary for TCR signaling in cytotoxic T cells. CD3 is a crucial component of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex, which is responsible for initiating intracellular signaling upon recognition of antigen-MHC complexes. Without CD3, TCR signaling cannot occur, leading to impaired T cell activation and cytotoxic function. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they accurately describe the functions and interactions of T cells expressing CD4 and CD8 with antigen presenting cells, as well as the role of CD4 T cells in helping B cells through antigen presentation.
A patient identified as HIV antibody–positive 1 year ago manifests acute HIV infection but does not want to start antiretroviral therapy at this time. What is an appropriate nursing intervention for the patient at this stage of illness?
- A. Assist with end-of-life issues
- B. Provide care during acute exacerbations
- C. Provide physical care for chronic diseases
- D. Teach the patient about immune enhancement
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Immune enhancement strategies, such as nutrition and stress reduction, can help maintain health until the patient decides to initiate ART.