Nokea
Babinsky response usually develops with damage in:
- A. upper motor neuron
- B. lower motor neuron
- C. cerebellar
- D. thalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Upper motor neuron is the correct answer because the Babinski sign is a pathological reflex indicative of damage to the corticospinal tract. It is characterized by the extension of the big toe and fanning of the other toes upon stimulation of the sole, which is abnormal in adults and suggests a loss of inhibitory control from the brain.
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When assessing a patient's response to stimuli, the nurse should:
- A. Observe for changes in the patient's reaction to verbal and physical stimuli.
- B. Measure the patient's heart rate.
- C. Inspect the patient's skin for lesions.
- D. Check the patient's blood pressure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Response to stimuli is assessed by observing the patient's reaction to verbal and physical stimuli. Heart rate, skin lesions, and blood pressure are unrelated to this assessment.
True statements about aldosterone include:
- A. it increases the amount of Na+-K+ ATPase in the target cells
- B. it reduces the sodium content of the sweat
- C. it increases the acidity of urine
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone increases Na+-K+ ATPase activity in target cells, promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. It also reduces sodium loss in sweat and increases urine acidity by promoting hydrogen ion excretion. These actions help regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
Nerve impulses are picked up by a neuron's (nerve cell):
- A. dendrites
- B. axon
- C. neuron cell body
- D. synapse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dendrites are the part of a neuron responsible for receiving nerve impulses from other neurons or sensory receptors. They are branched structures that extend from the cell body and contain receptors for neurotransmitters. When neurotransmitters bind to these receptors, they generate electrical signals that travel toward the cell body, initiating communication between neurons. Dendrites play a crucial role in integrating incoming signals and determining whether the neuron will fire an action potential.
What is the major focus for care today for a patient who is 1 day post-operative after a left below-the-knee amputation?
- A. To attain pain control for phantom pain.
- B. To monitor for signs of sufficient tissue perfusion.
- C. To assist the patient to ambulate as soon as possible.
- D. To elevate the residual limb when the patient is supine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ensuring adequate tissue perfusion is critical in the immediate post-operative period to prevent complications.
Following discharge teaching, the nurse realizes that additional instruction is needed when the patient says what?
- A. It is important for me to avoid exposure to people with upper respiratory infections.
- B. When I begin to feel better
- C. I should stop taking the prednisone to prevent side effects.
- D. I plan to use vitamin supplements and a high-protein diet to help manage my condition.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prednisone should not be stopped abruptly due to the risk of adrenal insufficiency