Nokea
Bacteria that grow best in high temperatures are called:
- A. Mesophiles
- B. Psychrophiles
- C. Thermophiles
- D. Halophiles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thermophiles. Thermophiles are bacteria that thrive in high temperatures, typically between 45-80 degrees Celsius. They have adapted to extreme heat environments and have enzymes that function optimally at high temperatures. Mesophiles (A) grow best at moderate temperatures, Psychrophiles (B) thrive in cold temperatures, and Halophiles (D) thrive in high salt concentrations. Therefore, only Thermophiles are specifically adapted to high temperatures, making it the correct choice.
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Streptococci are:
- A. Gram-positive, short rod shaped bacteria and size 4-6 µm
- B. Gram-negative, rounded or lanceolate shape and size 0,5-1 µm
- C. Gram-negative, short rod shaped bacteria and size 4-6 µm
- D. Gram-positive, spherical or lanceolate shape and size 0,5-1 µm
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Streptococci are Gram-positive bacteria, typically spherical in shape, and range from 0.5-1 µm in size.
A is incorrect as streptococci are not rod-shaped and are usually smaller in size. B is incorrect as they are not Gram-negative and are not typically of such small size.
C is incorrect as streptococci are not Gram-negative and are not usually rod-shaped. Thus, based on their characteristics, the correct answer is D.
How would you interpret the study results?
- A. Water is safe to be consumed
- B. Water is of doubtful quality
- C. Water is of highly doubtful quality
- D. Water is contaminated
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The study results indicate water contamination.
2. Contaminated water poses health risks.
3. Therefore, the correct interpretation is that water is contaminated.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect as safety is not confirmed.
- Choice B is too mild given the severity of contamination.
- Choice C is also incorrect, as it does not accurately reflect the study findings.
The causative agent of tuberculosis is:
- A. Mycobacterium leprae
- B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- C. Bacillus anthracis
- D. Staphylococcus aureus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, as it specifically infects the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body. Mycobacterium leprae (Choice A) causes leprosy, not tuberculosis. Bacillus anthracis (Choice C) causes anthrax, not tuberculosis. Staphylococcus aureus (Choice D) is a common bacterium known for causing skin infections, not tuberculosis. Therefore, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the correct answer for the causative agent of tuberculosis.
A lot of pyoinflammatory processes in oral cavity are caused by anaerobes. What nutrient medium can be used for control of wound textile contamination by anaerobes?
- A. Kitt-Tarozzi
- B. Endo
- C. Roux
- D. Sabouraud's
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kitt-Tarozzi. This medium contains blood and hemin, which are essential nutrients for the growth of anaerobes. Blood provides a source of iron, while hemin stimulates the growth of anaerobes. This combination creates an environment conducive for the isolation and identification of anaerobic organisms.
B: Endo and C: Roux are selective media primarily used for the isolation of gram-negative bacteria and not specifically designed for anaerobes.
D: Sabouraud's is a medium used for the cultivation of fungi, not anaerobes.
In summary, Kitt-Tarozzi is the correct choice due to its specific nutrient composition that supports the growth of anaerobes, unlike the other options which are not suitable for this purpose.
The catarrhal stage of the whooping cough is characterized by:
- A. Decrease in paroxysms of coughing
- B. Subsequent respiratory infection for many months after the onset of pertussis
- C. Uncontrollable coughing followed by a high pitched 'whoop' sound
- D. Mild respiratory symptoms (mild coughing, sneezing or a runny nose)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the catarrhal stage of whooping cough is characterized by mild respiratory symptoms such as mild coughing, sneezing, or a runny nose. During this stage, the cough may start to worsen but is not yet severe.
A: Incorrect - Decrease in paroxysms of coughing is not seen in the catarrhal stage; it occurs later in the paroxysmal stage.
B: Incorrect - Subsequent respiratory infection for many months after the onset of pertussis is not a characteristic of the catarrhal stage.
C: Incorrect - Uncontrollable coughing followed by a high pitched 'whoop' sound is typical of the paroxysmal stage, not the catarrhal stage.