Nokea
Bacterial infection caused by both staph and strept bacteria. Usually sign around mouth and nose, more common in children and the elderly.
- A. Eczema
- B. Vitiligo
- C. Angioedema
- D. Impetigo
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Eczema: Eczema is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation, redness, and itching. It is not typically caused by bacterial infections and does not present with signs around the mouth and nose. Vitiligo: Vitiligo is a condition characterized by the loss of skin color in patches. It is not caused by bacterial infections and does not typically present with signs around the mouth and nose. Angioedema: Angioedema is swelling beneath the skin, often around the eyes and lips, and is commonly associated with allergic reactions or other triggers. It is not caused by bacterial infections. Impetigo: Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. It commonly presents with red sores or blisters around the mouth and nose, especially in children and the elderly. Therefore, option D, Impetigo, is the correct answer.
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A nurse is caring for a 6-week-old infant admitted to the pediatric unit for evaluation of a suspected pyloric stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Projectile vomiting
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Effortless regurgitation
- D. Distended abdomen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Projectile vomiting is a classic symptom of pyloric stenosis in infants. It typically occurs within 30 minutes of feeding and is forceful, often projecting several feet away from the infant. This occurs due to the obstruction at the pyloric sphincter, leading to the stomach forcefully emptying its contents. Metabolic acidosis is not a typical finding associated with pyloric stenosis. Pyloric stenosis leads to vomiting, which can result in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, but it typically does not cause metabolic acidosis directly. Effortless regurgitation is not a characteristic finding of pyloric stenosis. In pyloric stenosis, vomiting is forceful and projectile, rather than a passive regurgitation of stomach contents. A distended abdomen can be a finding in pyloric stenosis. The obstruction at the pyloric sphincter can lead to gastric retention, causing the stomach to become distended over time. However, it's important to note that not all infants with pyloric stenosis will present with a visibly distended abdomen.
A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who had an incident of bedwetting during hospitalization. The child's parents expresses concern about the incident. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. I know this can be embarrassing. I have kids myself so I understand, and it doesn't bother me.
- B. Children who are hospitalized often regress. The toileting skills will return when your child is feeling better.
- C. I will discuss your child's loss of bladder control with the provider.
- D. Why is she wetting the bed in the hospital? She must wet the bed at home.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: I know this can be embarrassing. I have kids myself so I understand, and it doesn't bother me.' This response acknowledges the child's feelings and reassures the parents that bedwetting is a common occurrence, especially during hospitalization. It also demonstrates empathy by sharing a personal experience. However, it may not address the parents' concerns about their child's bedwetting or provide information on how to manage it. 'Children who are hospitalized often regress. The toileting skills will return when your child is feeling better.' This response provides an explanation for the bedwetting incident, reassuring the parents that it is a common response to hospitalization and will likely resolve once the child feels better. It offers support and normalization of the behavior, which can help alleviate the parents' concerns. 'I will discuss your child's loss of bladder control with the provider.' This response indicates that the nurse will address the issue with the healthcare provider, which is appropriate if further evaluation or intervention is needed. However, it may not directly address the parents' concerns or provide immediate reassurance. 'Why is she wetting the bed in the hospital? She must wet the bed at home.' This response may come across as accusatory or judgmental, which can increase parental anxiety or guilt. It does not provide reassurance or support to the parents and does not address the child's immediate needs.
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a school-age child who has moderate partial-thickness burns on both lower extremities. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?
- A. Administer pain medication 30 min before physical therapy.
- B. Allow the child to set her own schedule for care.
- C. Provide low-calorie snacks.
- D. Maintain medical asepsis during dressing changes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pain management is critical for burn care, especially before activities like physical therapy that can be painful. Administering pain medication 30 minutes before therapy helps ensure the child is more comfortable and able to participate effectively in rehabilitation. This is a recommended intervention. While involving the child in decisions about their care can promote autonomy and improve adherence, the schedule for burn care and therapy should be based on medical needs and healing processes rather than the child's preference. Care schedules should be designed to optimize healing and manage pain effectively. Burn patients typically have increased nutritional needs due to the high metabolic demands of healing. High-calorie, protein-rich snacks are usually recommended to support wound healing and overall recovery, rather than low-calorie options. Maintain medical asepsis during dressing changes: For burn care, maintaining sterile technique is critical to prevent infection. Medical asepsis is generally not sufficient; sterile technique is required for dressing changes to reduce the risk of infection.
A school nurse is completing routine health evaluations for school-age children. Which of the following manifestation should alert the nurse to the possibility of pediculosis capitis?
- A. Patches of baldness
- B. Blisters on the scalp
- C. Dry patches on the scalp
- D. Reports of scalp itchiness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patches of baldness: Patches of baldness on the scalp could be indicative of conditions like alopecia areata, a disorder characterized by hair loss in patches. However, it is not a typical manifestation of pediculosis capitis, which primarily presents with scalp itchiness due to lice bites rather than hair loss. Blisters on the scalp: Blisters on the scalp may suggest other conditions such as herpes simplex infection or contact dermatitis. While scratching from head lice infestation could lead to skin irritation, blisters are not a common presentation of pediculosis capitis. Dry patches on the scalp: Dry patches on the scalp might be caused by conditions like seborrheic dermatitis or eczema. While scalp dryness can occur with pediculosis capitis due to irritation from scratching, it is not a specific symptom associated with head lice infestation. Reports of scalp itchiness: Scalp itchiness is a hallmark symptom of pediculosis capitis. It occurs as a result of lice bites and the body's inflammatory response to their saliva. It is the most characteristic and common manifestation of head lice infestation and often prompts further examination for the presence of lice or their eggs (nits).
A nurse is caring for a child who has tinea pedis. The child's parent asks the nurse what this infection is commonly called. The nurse should respond with which of the following common names?
- A. Shingles
- B. Athlete's foot
- C. Fever blister
- D. Pinworms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shingles: This is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. It typically manifests as a painful rash that develops into fluid-filled blisters. Athlete's foot: This is a fungal infection of the skin on the feet, particularly between the toes. It causes itching, burning, and cracked, flaking skin. Fever blister: Also known as a cold sore, this is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. It typically appears as a cluster of small, fluid-filled blisters on or around the lips. Pinworms: This is a parasitic infection caused by tiny, white worms that infect the intestines. It commonly causes anal itching, particularly at night, due to the female worms laying eggs around the anal area.