Nokea
Barium enema is a drug used for :
- A. diagnosis;
- B. prevention;
- C. contraception;
- D. stimulation ;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Barium enema is a diagnostic imaging test used to examine the large intestine (colon and rectum). It involves the administration of a contrast material containing barium into the colon through the rectum, followed by X-rays to produce clear images of the colon's lining. This procedure helps in the diagnosis of various conditions such as colon polyps, diverticulosis, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, barium enema is primarily used for diagnostic purposes, not for prevention, contraception, stimulation, or treatment of conditions.
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A patient is receiving an IV infusion of a thrombolytic drug during treatment for an acute MI. The nurse notices that there is a slight amount of bleeding from the antecubital area where venous lab work was drawn. What will the nurse do first?
- A. Monitor the site for further bleeding.
- B. Apply pressure to the site with a gauze pa
- D. Slow the rate of infusion of the thrombolytic drug.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Applying pressure to the site with a gauze pad is the first action the nurse should take when noticing bleeding from the antecubital area. This will help control the bleeding and prevent further blood loss. Monitoring the site for further bleeding is important, but immediate intervention by applying pressure is necessary to address the issue. Slowing the rate of infusion of the thrombolytic drug or stopping the infusion should be considered if bleeding continues despite applying pressure or if there are signs of significant bleeding or hemorrhage.
Which of the following medications would you administer for an overdose of acetaminophen?
- A. Naloxone
- B. Vitamin K
- C. Acetylcysteine
- D. Atropine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acetylcysteine is the antidote for an acetaminophen overdose. Acetaminophen overdose can cause liver damage due to its toxic metabolite buildup in the liver. Acetylcysteine works by replenishing glutathione, which helps in detoxifying the toxic metabolite of acetaminophen. Administering acetylcysteine within 8-10 hours of the overdose is crucial in preventing severe liver damage and improving the patient's outcome. Naloxone is used for opioid overdose, Vitamin K for treating specific types of bleeding disorders, and Atropine for drug poisoning or certain types of poisoning, but they are not indicated for an acetaminophen overdose.
Heparin is classified under what class?
- A. Laxative
- B. ACE inhibitor
- C. Anti-convulsant
- D. Antithrombotic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heparin is classified as an antithrombotic agent. It is a medication that helps prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting the activity of certain clotting factors in the blood. Heparin is commonly used in the treatment and prevention of conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and during certain medical procedures to prevent clot formation. It is not classified as a laxative, ACE inhibitor, or anti-convulsant based on its mechanism of action and therapeutic use.
Which of the following drugs has a therapeutic effect that increases cardiac output and slows heart rate?
- A. Heparin
- B. Alprazola
- C. Digoxin
- D. Levothyroxine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart failure and certain types of irregular heartbeats. It works by increasing the force of contraction of the heart muscle, thereby increasing cardiac output. Additionally, digoxin also has the ability to slow down the heart rate, making it helpful in conditions such as atrial fibrillation. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clot formation, while Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders. Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement medication to treat hypothyroidism. None of these drugs have the therapeutic effects of increasing cardiac output and slowing heart rate like digoxin.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking Digoxin. The nurse should instruct the patient to monitor and report which of the following adverse e昀昀ects? ( select all the apply)
- A. Fatigue
- B. Constipation
- C. Anorexia
- D. Rash
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Fatigue: Digoxin, a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions, can cause side effects such as fatigue. Patients taking Digoxin should monitor and report any unusual fatigue or weakness to their healthcare provider.