Nokea
Based on knowledge of anatomy and physiology, are there any diet considerations that the student should include in the teaching plan?
- A. Low-fat, enzyme-supplemented diet
- B. High-fiber diet only
- C. Low-protein diet
- D. No dietary changes needed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-pancreatectomy, a low-fat diet with enzyme supplements is necessary due to impaired digestion.
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Optimum pH for salivary amylase
- A. 1.8
- B. 7.8
- C. 6.8
- D. 3.4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salivary amylase (ptyalin) works optimally at a pH of around 6.8, close to neutral.
Which of the following cells secrete pepsinogen?
- A. Parietal cells
- B. Alpha cells
- C. Chief cells
- D. Stem cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chief cells in the stomach are responsible for secreting pepsinogen, which is then activated to pepsin by the acidic environment created by HCl.
Process of absorption of nutrients is carried out by
- A. Passive transport
- B. Facilitated transport
- C. Active transport
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nutrient absorption involves passive, facilitated, and active transport mechanisms.
Following a diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a 70-year-old woman undergoes gastrectomy. Her physician informs her that she will require lifelong intramuscular vitamin B12 injections. Which specific type of cells' absence is responsible for the need for vitamin replacement?
- A. Chief cells
- B. G cells
- C. Goblet cells
- D. Parietal cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption; their absence after gastrectomy necessitates B12 injections.
Which organ in the list is the largest gland in the human body?
- A. parotid
- B. liver
- C. pancreas
- D. thyroid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The liver is the largest gland in the human body, weighing about 1.5 kg in adults, and performs numerous functions including bile production and detoxification.