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Based on knowledge of the location of the pancreas, how should the student explain the location of the surgical incision?
- A. Upper abdomen, behind the stomach
- B. Right lower quadrant
- C. Left lower quadrant
- D. Right upper quadrant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pancreas is retroperitoneal, located in the upper abdomen behind the stomach.
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In human body, the digestion of protein begins in which of the following organs?
- A. Liver
- B. Mouth
- C. Small intestine
- D. Stomach
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The digestion of protein begins in the stomach, where pepsin, activated by hydrochloric acid, starts breaking down proteins into smaller peptides.
The glucose is converted into glycogen in liver and stored in :
- A. Liver
- B. Liver and muscles
- C. Liver and spleen
- D. Spleen and muscles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucose is stored as glycogen in both the liver and skeletal muscles.
When administered intravenously, this hormone has the capability to initiate a phase of robust sequential contractions in the proximal duodenum, which gradually moves towards the cecum:
- A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- B. Gastrin
- C. Motilin
- D. Secretin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Motilin triggers the migrating motor complex, initiating strong contractions from the duodenum to the cecum during fasting.
A gastrointestinal tumor involving villi and plicae circulares might interfere with:
- A. deglutition
- B. absorption
- C. peristalsis
- D. defecation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Villi and plicae circulares increase the surface area for absorption in the small intestine. A tumor affecting these structures would impair absorption.
Which of the following is not a function of saliva?
- A. aids in protein digestion
- B. wets the food
- C. contains amylase
- D. chemical digestion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Saliva does not aid in protein digestion; it primarily helps in moistening food, contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, and facilitates chemical digestion.