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Based on Piagets theory of cognitive development, what type of activities would a nurse recommend to parents of children in the preoperational stage?
- A. play activities
- B. Solving logic puzzles and learning algebra
- C. Memorizing multiplication tables and historical facts
- D. Participating in abstract thinking activities like debating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In Piaget's preoperational stage (ages 2-7), children learn through symbolic play, so play activities are recommended to enhance cognitive development.
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A second trend occurring with growth and development of the infant states that development is proximodistal. This means:
- A. Growth progresses from gross motor movements to fine motor movements.
- B. Both sides of the body grow equally.
- C. All humans experience the same growth patterns.
- D. As nerve pathways develop, they become more specialized.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proximodistal development means growth progresses from the center of the body outward, starting with gross motor movements and advancing to fine motor skills.
According to Freud, what is the name given to the part of the mind that represents ones conscience?
- A. unconscious mind
- B. id
- C. ego
- D. superego
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The superego, in Freud's theory, represents the conscience, guiding moral behavior and internalizing societal norms.
All humans learn from both formal and informal experiences. What orderly pattern of changes results in part from learning?
- A. development
- B. growth
- C. maturity
- D. aging
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Development is the orderly pattern of changes in behavior, thinking, and skills that result from learning and maturation.
As the fetus develops, certain growth and development trends are regular and predictable. The first trend is cephalocaudal growth. What does this mean?
- A. Legs and feet develop first.
- B. Both sides of the body develop equally.
- C. Head and brain develop first.
- D. Gross motor skills are learned last.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cephalocaudal growth refers to the pattern where development proceeds from the head downward, with the head and brain developing first.
A 10-year-old boy tells his mother that he is going to be just like his father when he grows up. According to Freud, what stage of development is this child experiencing?
- A. anal
- B. phallic
- C. latency
- D. genital
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At age 10, a child is in Freud's latency stage (6-puberty), where they identify with the same-sex parent and focus on social and intellectual skills.