Nokea
Based on vaginal examination findings, indicators of abnormal labor are
- A. Bandl’s ring and oedematous vulva
- B. Oedematous cervix and fetal hypoxia
- C. Hot, dry vagina and arrest in descent
- D. Maternal distress and severe moulding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A hot, dry vagina and lack of descent suggest abnormal labor patterns.
You may also like to solve these questions
Acute inflammatory mastitis can be prevented postnatally by encouraging breastfeeding mothers to
- A. Use prophylactic antibiotics
- B. Use bras of the right size
- C. Wash the breasts thoroughly before breastfeeding
- D. Empty the breast completely after breastfeeding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Emptying the breast completely when breastfeeding prevents mastitis by ensuring proper drainage of milk.
Achalasia is a risk factor for
- A. Squamous cell carcinoma
- B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- C. Esophageal atrophy
- D. Malabsorption syndromes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Achalasia is a motility disorder characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, resulting in difficulty swallowing and impaired movement of food from the esophagus into the stomach. Patients with achalasia have an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. This risk is due to chronic inflammation, stasis of food in the esophagus, and increased exposure of esophageal mucosa to irritants, all of which can contribute to the development of cancer over time. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Choice B) is less likely to be associated with achalasia because the impaired esophageal motility in achalasia results in decreased, rather than increased, reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Esophageal atrophy (Choice C) and malabsorption syndromes (Choice D) are not directly related to achalasia.
The appropriate time to perform external cephalic version in a breech presentation is at
- A. 36 gestational weeks
- B. 38 gestational weeks
- C. 40 gestational weeks
- D. 42 gestational weeks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: External cephalic version is most successful when performed between 36 and 37 weeks.
The AGACNP knows that which of the following must be evaluated as a cause of her abdominal pain?
- A. HELLP syndrome
- B. Placental abruption
- C. Spontaneous hepatic rupture
- D. Preterm labor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Abdominal pain in pregnancy can be caused by various conditions, but spontaneous hepatic rupture is a rare but life-threatening cause that must be ruled out. Spontaneous hepatic rupture, also known as liver rupture, can occur in pregnancy, though it is extremely rare. It is associated with severe abdominal pain, hypovolemic shock, and can lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the AGACNP should evaluate this possibility when assessing a pregnant patient with abdominal pain to provide timely and appropriate management.HELLP syndrome, placental abruption, and preterm labor are important considerations in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in pregnancy but are not specific to the life-threatening nature of spontaneous hepatic rupture.
The commonest causative agent for pyelonephritis is
- A. Proteus vulgaris
- B. Escherichia coli
- C. Neisseria gonococcal
- D. Streptococcus faecalis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Escherichia coli is the most common causative agent for pyelonephritis.