Nokea
Because of their site of action, bile acid sequestering resins:
- A. Should be administered separately from other drugs by at least 4 hours
- B. May increase the risk for bleeding
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bile acid resins bind drugs in the gut, requiring separation by 4 hours.
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A 20-year-old boy suffered from a moderate aspirin toxicity he may be managed by promoting its renal excretion when infused with:
- A. Ascorbid acid
- B. Ammonium chloride
- C. Arginine chloride
- D. Sodium bicarbonate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate alkalinizes urine, enhancing aspirin (a weak acid) excretion.
Which of the following legislative acts allowed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to tighten control over the quality of drugs and required that safety and efficacy standards be established?
- A. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
- B. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
- C. Durham Humphrey Amendment of 1951
- D. Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Kefauver-Harris Act was the result of the use of the 1960s drug thalidomide (Thalomid). The public concern led to the legislation that gave the FDA regulatory control over testing and evaluating of drugs and allowed it to set standards for efficacy and safety. The Pure Food and Drug Act required labeling to eliminate false claims. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gave the FDA the power to enforce standards for testing drug toxicity and monitoring labeling. The Durham-Humphrey Amendment enforced prescriptions for distribution.
Which of the following is used for treatment of mixedema:
- A. Triiodthironine
- B. Potassium perchlorate
- C. Mercazolil
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Triiodothyronine (T3) is used to treat myxedema (severe hypothyroidism) by replacing deficient thyroid hormone.
Nicotinic receptors are seen in
- A. Skeletal muscle
- B. Visceral smooth muscle
- C. Cardiac muscle
- D. Salivary glands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nicotinic receptors are primarily at skeletal muscle neuromuscular junctions.
Select a drug used in the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism that may cause hyperkalemia:
- A. Acetazolamide
- B. Mannitol
- C. Torsemide
- D. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, causes potassium retention.