ATI Fundamentals LPN

ATI Fundamentals LPN Related

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Becky has been NPO since midnight in preparation for a blood test. The adreno-cortical response is activated. Which of the following is an expected response?

  • A. Low blood pressure
  • B. Warm, dry skin
  • C. Decreased serum sodium levels
  • D. Decreased urine output
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The adrenocortical response, triggered by fasting (NPO status), activates stress hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, conserving resources during deprivation. Decreased urine output results from aldosterone's promotion of sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, maintaining fluid volume and blood pressure. This adaptation counters the stress of fasting, ensuring homeostasis. Low blood pressure would oppose this, as the response aims to stabilize circulation, not reduce it. Warm, dry skin isn't typical; stress might cause cool, clammy skin from vasoconstriction, but fasting alone doesn't dictate this. Decreased serum sodium levels contradict aldosterone's sodium-retaining effect, which elevates or stabilizes sodium. Decreased urine output aligns with the body's conservation mechanism, making it the expected physiological response in this scenario, critical for nurses to recognize during patient monitoring.

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Which of the following is recognized for developing the concept of HIGH LEVEL WELLNESS?

  • A. Erikson
  • B. Madaw
  • C. Peplau
  • D. Dunn
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Halbert Dunn's High-Level Wellness (1950s) concept frames health as maximizing potential within environmental limits e.g., thriving despite chronic illness. Unlike Erikson's stages, Madaw (unknown), or Peplau's relations, Dunn's idea influences nursing's focus on optimal functioning, not just disease absence, shaping wellness programs.

A client with iron-deficiency anemia is taking an oral iron supplement. The nurse should tell the client to take the medication with:

  • A. Orange juice
  • B. Water only
  • C. Milk
  • D. Apple juice
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Orange juice enhances iron absorption in iron-deficiency anemia via vitamin C, reducing ferric to ferrous form for better uptake a proven dietary aid. Milk inhibits it, water or apple juice lack this boost. Nurses teach this pairing, improving hemoglobin levels, optimizing therapy for fatigue and pallor relief.

Which of the following statement best describe autonomy?

  • A. Doing good for the client
  • B. Fairness and equality
  • C. Respecting client's decision
  • D. Keeping promises
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Autonomy is respecting client decisions (C), per ethics self-determination (e.g., refusing care). Doing good (A) is beneficence, fairness (B) justice, promises (D) fidelity. C best defines autonomy's focus, making it correct.

The nurse cares for 4 clients. Which activity demonstrates the nurse's understanding of how ethnicity influences the client's health?

  • A. Provide financial resources from local organizations to pay for a client's health care needs.
  • B. Teach a client using drawings, repetition, short sentences, and simple language.
  • C. Assess a 5-month-old African American client for sickle cell anemia.
  • D. Explain the consequences of not exercising and only eating fast food due to a stressful job.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ethnicity influences health through genetic predispositions and cultural factors. Assessing a 5-month-old African American client for sickle cell anemia (C) reflects this, as the disease is prevalent in African descent populations due to a genetic mutation. Providing financial resources (A) addresses access, not ethnicity-specific health. Teaching with simple methods (B) aids comprehension but isn't ethnicity-tied. Diet and exercise advice (D) is general, not ethnic-specific. C is correct. Rationale: Sickle cell anemia's higher incidence in African Americans requires early screening to prevent complications like vaso-occlusive crises, showcasing culturally competent care rooted in genetic epidemiology, unlike the other options.

Which of the following statement best describe implementation in nursing process?

  • A. Identifying problems
  • B. Setting goals
  • C. Carrying out interventions
  • D. Evaluating outcomes
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Implementation is carrying out interventions (C), per nursing process e.g., giving meds. Not identifying (A), setting (B), evaluating (D) action-focused. C best defines implementation's execution, making it correct.

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