Nokea
Bed-wetting can be considered normal up to
- A. 4 years in boys and 5 years in girls
- B. 5 years in boys and 4 years in girls
- C. 4 years in both boys and girls
- D. 5 years in both boys and girls
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bed-wetting is considered normal up to 5 years of age in both boys and girls, as bladder control develops gradually.
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Renin:
- A. Is secreted mainly in extrarenal tissues
- B. Secretion increases on lying supine
- C. Secretion increases with potassium
- D. Converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renin is an enzyme produced by the kidneys that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II which plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. The other options are incorrect because renin is not mainly secreted in extrarenal tissues its secretion does not increase on lying supine or with potassium and it does not regulate osmolality.
Postoperative pulmonary hypertension can be managed with
- A. hyperventilation
- B. catecholamines
- C. nitroprusside
- D. phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inhaled nitric oxide and phosphodiesterase inhibitors are commonly used to manage postoperative pulmonary hypertension.
In childhood, hypokalaemic alkalosis is a recognised finding:
- A. In a baby given feeds that are too concentrated
- B. In congenital pyloric stenosis
- C. In cystic fibrosis
- D. Following urinary diversion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalaemic alkalosis is a hallmark of congenital pyloric stenosis due to vomiting. It is not typically associated with concentrated feeds, cystic fibrosis, or urinary diversion.
A nurse obtains the health history of a client who is newly admitted to the medical unit. Which statement by the client should alert the nurse to the presence of edema?
- A. I wake up to go to the bathroom at night.
- B. My shoes fit tighter by the end of the day.
- C. I seem to be feeling more anxious lately.
- D. I drink at least eight glasses of water a day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tight-fitting shoes by the end of the day suggest fluid retention (edema), a common sign of cardiovascular or renal issues.
When providing care for a client following bronchoscopy, which assessment finding should the nurse immediately report to the healthcare provider?
- A. Slight blood-tinged sputum
- B. Dyspnea and dysphagia
- C. Sore throat and hoarseness
- D. No gag reflex after thirty minutes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Absence of a gag reflex after bronchoscopy may indicate nerve damage or complications requiring immediate intervention.