Adult Health Nursing Quizlet Final

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A patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache, vomiting, and altered mental status. Imaging reveals a hyperdense lesion within the brain parenchyma, suggestive of acute bleeding. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Ischemic stroke
  • B. Subdural hematoma
  • C. Intracerebral hemorrhage
  • D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Intracerebral hemorrhage is characterized by bleeding directly into the brain parenchyma, leading to the sudden onset of severe headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and neurological deficits. The hyperdense lesion seen on imaging is caused by the presence of blood within the brain tissue. This condition is often associated with hypertension and can be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and managed. Subdural hematoma is an accumulation of blood between the brain and its outermost covering (dura mater), typically presenting with a slower onset of symptoms compared to intracerebral hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage involves bleeding into the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater (subarachnoid space), commonly caused by the rupture of an aneurysm. Ischemic stroke results from the blockage of a blood vessel supplying the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to

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Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation with severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia?

  • A. Administration of high-flow oxygen via nasal cannula
  • B. Initiation of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)
  • C. Nebulized albuterol/ipratropium combination therapy
  • D. Intravenous corticosteroid therapy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation with severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia, the most appropriate intervention is to initiate non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). NIPPV can help improve ventilation, decrease work of breathing, and correct hypoxemia by providing positive pressure to keep the airways open, reduce air trapping, and increase the elimination of carbon dioxide. This intervention can help improve oxygenation and reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with severe asthma exacerbations. Administering high-flow oxygen via nasal cannula alone may not provide enough support for patients with severe respiratory distress. Nebulized albuterol/ipratropium combination therapy and intravenous corticosteroid therapy are also important treatments for asthma exacerbations but are not the first-line interventions for patients with severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia.

In as much as the research may have some risks on the part of the subject who is 21 years old, Nurse Carmi must assure the subject of her anonymity, confidentiality and respect for her human rights. ONE ABSOLUTE WAY is to get an informed and written consent from whom?

  • A. Parents
  • B. Husband
  • C. Guardians
  • D. Subject herself Situation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In research involving adults who are capable of providing informed consent, such as a 21-year-old subject, the absolute way to ensure autonomy and respect for the individual's rights is to obtain informed and written consent directly from the subject herself. The subject's autonomy and right to self-determination should be respected, and obtaining consent directly from the subject ensures that they are fully informed about the research, its risks, benefits, and their rights regarding anonymity and confidentiality. In this case, Nurse Carmi must explain the research process clearly to the 21-year-old subject, obtain her informed consent in writing, and ensure that her anonymity, confidentiality, and human rights are protected throughout the study.

Which of the following is the cause of Somogyi effect, which occurs during sleep in patients with diabetes mellitus?

  • A. too much globulin
  • B. too much albumin
  • C. increase insulin in the body
  • D. limited insulin in the body
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Somogyi effect, also known as rebound hyperglycemia, is a phenomenon observed in patients with diabetes mellitus during sleep. It is characterized by a low blood sugar level (hypoglycemia) followed by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) in the morning. This occurs due to limited insulin in the body during the night, leading to high blood sugar levels in the morning as a response to the hypoglycemia episode. Too much globulin or albumin are not directly associated with the Somogyi effect. Increasing insulin in the body would rather help prevent the hypoglycemia episode that triggers the rebound hyperglycemia in the Somogyi effect.

How should the nurse position the patient who is in a somnolent status and still under the effect of anesthesia?

  • A. Supine position with head bed slightly elevate.
  • B. Prone position with a pillow under the abdomen.
  • C. Semi-Fowler's position with the head turned to the right.
  • D. Left lateral position with a pillow supporting the head.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a patient is in a somnolent status and still under the effect of anesthesia, the most appropriate position to place the patient is in a supine position with the head of the bed slightly elevated. This position helps prevent any obstruction of the airway and promotes optimal ventilation. Elevating the head of the bed ensures that the patient's airway remains clear and allows for proper breathing. Additionally, this position helps prevent aspiration and promotes proper circulation. Overall, the supine position with the head bed slightly elevated is the safest and most effective position for a patient in this condition.

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of multiple fluid-filled sacs within the ovaries and is associated with menstrual irregularities and hyperandrogenism?

  • A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
  • B. Ovarian torsion
  • C. Ovarian cyst rupture
  • D. Ovarian cancer
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within the ovaries, which can be visualized on ultrasound. Women with PCOS often experience menstrual irregularities such as irregular periods or no periods, as well as symptoms of hyperandrogenism like hirsutism (excessive hair growth) and acne. Other common features of PCOS include insulin resistance and obesity. It is important to note that not all women with PCOS will have ovarian cysts, but the presence of multiple cysts is a common finding in this condition.

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