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Beliefs about the causes of pain and illness vary among cultures. In the United States (Western culture), pain and illness are generally attributed to
- A. economic class.
- B. psychological influences.
- C. physiologic causes.
- D. sociocultural factors.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Americans typically attribute pain and illness to physical causes.
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A nurse and a client of Chinese heritage are collaborating on treatment goals. The nurse would document which of the following as the client's priority goal?
- A. The client will be free of pain and excess stress.
- B. The client will express a feeling of balance and harmony.
- C. The client will be free of physical symptoms of illness.
- D. The client will express gratefulness to God for recovery.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chinese culture prioritizes health as a balance of body, mind, and spirit.
A client is actively involved in community service activities. The benefit of involvement in meaningful daily activities will most directly contribute to which of the following attributes?
- A. Self-efficacy
- B. Resilience
- C. Resourcefulness
- D. Hardiness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hardiness, characterized by commitment to meaningful activities, helps individuals resist illness under stress.
A client's prognosis is said to be good due to a high degree of self-efficacy. Which of the following is evidence of a high degree of self-efficacy?
- A. The client is self-motivated and asks for help when needed.
- B. The client is able to resist illness when under stress.
- C. The client responds well in stressful situations.
- D. The client uses good problem-solving abilities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: People with high self-efficacy are self-motivated, cope effectively with stress, and request support when needed.
It is recorded in the client's chart that the family is resilient. The nurse concludes which of the following characteristics about the family life of this client? Select all that apply.
- A. Family members are independent of one another.
- B. Family members spend time together.
- C. Family members engage in recreational activities together.
- D. Family members share the same personal goals.
- E. Family members allow individual members to develop unique daily routines.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Resilient families spend time together and engage in recreational activities, fostering accord and support.
Which of the following statements about spirituality are true? Select all that apply.
- A. Many clients with mental disorders have disturbing religious delusions.
- B. Religious activities have been shown to be linked with better health and a sense of well-being.
- C. Spirituality only involves religion.
- D. Hope and faith are two critical factors in psychiatric and physical rehabilitation.
- E. Spirituality may include a relationship with the environment.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Spirituality encompasses beliefs about life's meaning, including religious practices, hope, faith, and environmental connections, and is linked to better health outcomes.