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believes that human behavior is learned.
- A. Bruner
- B. Skinner
- C. Piaget
- D. Bandura
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Albert Bandura's social learning theory posits that behavior is learned through observation and imitation.
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Jack and Ann have come to the clinic for family therapy. They have been married for 18 years. Jack had an affair with his secretary 5 years ago. He fired the secretary and assures Ann and the nurse that he has been faithful ever since. Jack tells the nurse, 'We have never been able to get along with each other. We can’t talk about anything . . . all we do is shout at each other. And every time she gets angry with me, she brings up my infidelity. I can’t even imagine how many times each of us has threatened divorce over the years. Our kids don’t have any idea what it is like to have parents who get along with each other. I’ve really had enough!' The nurse would most likely document which of the following in her assessment of this couple?
- A. Marital skew
- B. Pseudohostility
- C. Double-bind communication
- D. Marital schism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Marital schism. Marital schism refers to a state of constant conflict and disengagement in a marriage. In this scenario, Jack and Ann exhibit a significant disconnect in their relationship, as evidenced by their inability to communicate effectively, frequent shouting matches, and unresolved issues such as Jack's infidelity. The nurse would likely document a marital schism in her assessment due to the ongoing discord and lack of emotional connection between the couple.
Incorrect choices:
A: Marital skew typically refers to power imbalances in a relationship, which is not the primary issue in this case.
B: Pseudohostility involves false or exaggerated hostility, which is not the main concern in Jack and Ann's situation.
C: Double-bind communication involves contradictory messages leading to confusion, which is not the central issue in this scenario.
If it is the right of the patient to decide whom to disclose personal medical information to, how should the physician respond when requested to withhold information about a diagnosis from family members?
- A. Attempt to convince the patient to tell his/her family of their diagnosis
- B. Ignore the patient's request and ask to have a family conference
- C. Accept the patient's wishes without further discussion
- D. Initiate further discussion and help the patient identify a surrogate decision maker
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Discussion respects autonomy while preparing for future decision-making needs.
Which mental health service focuses on a largely underserved at-risk population?
- A. Stress management classes for new mothers
- B. A support group for recovering male alcoholics
- C. A depression support group for adolescent children
- D. Socialization therapy for adults diagnosed with schizophrenia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A depression support group for adolescent children. This population is largely underserved due to stigma, lack of resources, and limited awareness. Adolescents are at a vulnerable stage in their lives and may struggle to express their emotions and seek help. Providing a support group specifically tailored to address their mental health needs can offer a safe space for them to share experiences, receive guidance, and build coping skills. Stress management classes for new mothers (A) target a specific demographic but not as underserved as adolescent children. A support group for recovering male alcoholics (B) and socialization therapy for adults with schizophrenia (D) also address important mental health issues but are not focused on as an underserved population as adolescent children struggling with depression.
A patient admitted to an alcoholism rehabilitation program says, 'I’m just a social drinker. I usually have a drink or two at brunch, a few cocktails in the afternoon, wine at dinner, and several drinks during the evening.' Which defense mechanism is evident?
- A. Rationalization
- B. Introjection
- C. Projection
- D. Denial
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Denial. The patient's statement reflects denial as they are minimizing their alcohol consumption by categorizing it as normal social drinking. Denial is a defense mechanism where a person refuses to acknowledge a reality or truth to protect themselves from anxiety or discomfort. In this scenario, the patient is not accepting the reality of their excessive drinking habits.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Rationalization - This defense mechanism involves justifying behavior with logical reasoning. The patient is not providing logical reasoning for their drinking habits.
B: Introjection - This defense mechanism involves internalizing external beliefs or values. The patient's statement does not indicate internalizing external beliefs.
C: Projection - This defense mechanism involves attributing one's unacceptable thoughts or emotions to others. The patient is not projecting their drinking habits onto others.
The theorist who believes in reciprocal determinism is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Albert Bandura
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bandura's reciprocal determinism links behavior, person, and environment.