Nokea
A patient with AIDS is planning a trip to Mexico. What teaching should the nurse provide to this patient to prevent the development of an opportunistic infection? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Use beach towels.
- B. Do not walk barefoot.
- C. Do not eat raw fruits or vegetables.
- D. Clean bathroom supplies with bleach.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use beach towels. Using beach towels can help prevent skin infections caused by exposure to contaminated surfaces. Walking barefoot (B) can increase the risk of skin infections. Eating raw fruits or vegetables (C) is not directly related to preventing opportunistic infections in this scenario. Cleaning bathroom supplies with bleach (D) is important for general hygiene but not specific to preventing opportunistic infections.
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What benzodiazepines are commonly given to patients experiencing symptoms related to alcohol withdrawal?
- A. Valium
- B. Ativan
- C. Librium
- D. Sedation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Valium (Diazepam) is commonly used in alcohol withdrawal due to its long-acting properties and effectiveness in managing symptoms.
2. Ativan (Lorazepam) is also used, but Valium is preferred for its longer duration of action.
3. Librium (Chlordiazepoxide) is another option with a long half-life, but Valium is more commonly used.
4. Sedation is not a benzodiazepine and does not directly address alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
In summary, Valium is preferred for alcohol withdrawal due to its long-acting properties, followed by Ativan and Librium. Sedation is not a benzodiazepine and does not treat alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
Joe, a Native American, appears at the community health clinic with an oozing stasis ulcer on his lower right leg. It is obviously infected, and he tells the nurse that the shaman has been treating it with herbs. The nurse determines that Joe needs emergency care, but Joe states he will not go to the emergency department (ED) unless the shaman is allowed to help treat him. How should the nurse handle this situation?
- A. Contact the shaman and have him meet them at the ED to consult with the attending physician.
- B. Tell Joe that the shaman is not allowed in the ED.
- C. Explain to Joe that the shaman is at fault for his leg being in the condition it is in now.
- D. Have the shaman try to talk Joe into going to the ED without him.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Joe's cultural reliance on the shaman for treatment requires the nurse to respect this belief by allowing the shaman's involvement in the ED, ensuring cultural sensitivity and compliance with treatment, aligning with option a.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS. For which opportunistic lung infection caused by a fungus should the nurse monitor in this patient?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. Cytomegalovirus
- C. Candida albicans
- D. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Patients with AIDS are at high risk for opportunistic infections, particularly Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia due to their compromised immune system. This infection is a common cause of respiratory issues in AIDS patients. Monitoring for this specific infection is crucial for early detection and treatment.
A: Tuberculosis is also a common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, but the question specifically mentions a lung infection caused by a fungus, ruling out tuberculosis.
B: Cytomegalovirus is a viral infection, not caused by a fungus, hence it is not the correct answer.
C: Candida albicans is a fungal infection, but it typically affects mucous membranes like the mouth and throat, not the lungs as specified in the question.
A patient admitted to an alcoholism rehabilitation program says, 'I’m just a social drinker. I usually have a drink or two at brunch, a few cocktails in the afternoon, wine at dinner, and several drinks during the evening.' Which defense mechanism is evident?
- A. Rationalization
- B. Introjection
- C. Projection
- D. Denial
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Denial. The patient's statement reflects denial as they are minimizing their alcohol consumption by categorizing it as normal social drinking. Denial is a defense mechanism where a person refuses to acknowledge a reality or truth to protect themselves from anxiety or discomfort. In this scenario, the patient is not accepting the reality of their excessive drinking habits.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Rationalization - This defense mechanism involves justifying behavior with logical reasoning. The patient is not providing logical reasoning for their drinking habits.
B: Introjection - This defense mechanism involves internalizing external beliefs or values. The patient's statement does not indicate internalizing external beliefs.
C: Projection - This defense mechanism involves attributing one's unacceptable thoughts or emotions to others. The patient is not projecting their drinking habits onto others.
The desired outcome of working with an individual who has witnessed a traumatic event and is now experiencing panic anxiety is:
- A. The individual will experience no anxiety.
- B. The individual will demonstrate hope for the future.
- C. The individual will maintain anxiety at manageable level.
- D. The individual will verbalize acceptance of self as worthy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it focuses on managing the anxiety at a manageable level, which is a realistic and achievable goal in the short term. This approach acknowledges the individual's current state and aims to provide coping strategies to help them function despite the anxiety. Option A is incorrect as it is unrealistic to expect no anxiety after a traumatic event. Option B is not the immediate priority when the individual is experiencing panic anxiety. Option D is also incorrect as self-acceptance may be a long-term goal but is not the immediate focus in managing panic anxiety.