Nokea
Benign tumors originating in the myometrium are
- A. Fibroids
- B. Rhabdomyoma
- C. Leiomyoma
- D. Both a & c
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (Both a & c) because benign tumors originating in the myometrium are typically either fibroids (choice A) or leiomyomas (choice C), which are essentially the same thing. Fibroids and leiomyomas are both non-cancerous growths arising from smooth muscle cells in the myometrium. Rhabdomyoma (choice B) is a benign tumor arising from striated muscle cells, not smooth muscle cells like fibroids and leiomyomas. So, choices A, B, and C are incorrect because only fibroids and leiomyomas specifically originate in the myometrium.
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When instructing a patient about the risk factors associated with breast cancer, which one of the following should be identified as a myth?
- A. Breast cancer often follows an injury to the breast
- B. The incidence of breast cancer increases with age
- C. Women whose mothers or sisters have had breast cancer are twice as likely to develop it
- D. A diet high in animal fat has been linked with an increased incidence of breast cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The idea that breast cancer often follows an injury to the breast is a myth; there is no evidence supporting this claim.
Rita Chen, who is 25 years old and knows that she is not pregnant, is concerned because she has not had a menstrual period for three months. Her doctor described this condition as ______.
- A. dysmenorrhea
- B. amenorrhea
- C. menometrorrhagia
- D. polymenorrhoea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: amenorrhea. Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstrual periods, which is the condition Rita Chen is experiencing. Dysmenorrhea is painful periods, not absence of periods. Menometrorrhagia is excessive and prolonged menstrual bleeding. Polymenorrhoea is frequent menstrual periods, not absence of periods. In this case, Rita's lack of periods for three months aligns with the definition of amenorrhea.
A surge of FSH and LH is induced in the adenohypophysis 24 hours before ovulation and the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte resumes. At what stage does the oocyte become arrested until it becomes fertilized?
- A. First meiotic division, prophase
- B. First meiotic division, metaphase
- C. Second meiotic division, prophase
- D. Second meiotic division, metaphase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Second meiotic division, metaphase. After the surge of FSH and LH induces the first meiotic division to resume, the oocyte becomes arrested at the metaphase stage of the second meiotic division until fertilization. This arrest allows for the completion of meiosis upon fertilization. Choices A and B are incorrect because the oocyte does not become arrested at the prophase or metaphase of the first meiotic division. Choice C is incorrect because the oocyte does not become arrested at the prophase of the second meiotic division, but rather at the metaphase stage.
Sperm maturation occurs in the
- A. seminiferous tubules
- B. epididymis
- C. vas deferens
- D. urethra
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: epididymis. Sperm maturation occurs in the epididymis, a coiled tube located on the posterior surface of the testes. Here, sperm undergo the process of capacitation, gaining the ability to fertilize an egg. The seminiferous tubules (choice A) are responsible for sperm production, not maturation. The vas deferens (choice C) is a duct that carries mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra, and the urethra (choice D) is a passage for both urine and sperm but not the site of sperm maturation.
Which hormone inhibits the release of FSH from the pituitary gland?
- A. Inhibin
- B. Relaxin
- C. GnRH
- D. hCG
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Inhibin is produced by the ovaries and testes in response to FSH stimulation.
2. Inhibin acts as a negative feedback signal to inhibit further FSH release.
3. This mechanism helps regulate the levels of FSH in the body.
Summary:
- Relaxin is a hormone involved in pregnancy and does not directly inhibit FSH release.
- GnRH stimulates FSH release rather than inhibiting it.
- hCG is produced during pregnancy and does not have a direct role in inhibiting FSH secretion.