Nokea
Regarding lactation
- A. Milk production is controlled by prolactin
- B. The co-exist of estrogen and prolactin is antagonistic
- C. Nipple is lubricated by sebaceous gland
- D. Myoepithelial cell contraction facilitate ejection of milk
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because milk production is indeed controlled by prolactin, a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Prolactin stimulates the alveoli in the breast to produce milk. Option B is incorrect because estrogen and prolactin actually work synergistically to promote lactation. Option C is incorrect as the nipple is lubricated by Montgomery glands, not sebaceous glands. Option D is incorrect because myoepithelial cell contraction helps in milk ejection, not in milk production.
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Which structure is formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the vas deferens?
- A. Urethra
- B. Spermatic cord
- C. Inguinal canal
- D. Ejaculatory duct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ejaculatory duct. This structure is formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the vas deferens. The ejaculatory duct plays a crucial role in male reproductive anatomy by transporting sperm and seminal fluid to the urethra for ejaculation. The other choices (A: Urethra, B: Spermatic cord, C: Inguinal canal) are incorrect because they do not involve the specific union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the vas deferens, which is unique to the ejaculatory duct. The urethra is the final pathway for semen release, the spermatic cord contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the testicles, and the inguinal canal is a passage for structures like blood vessels and nerves to pass through the abdominal wall.
Which hormone initiates the changes in puberty?
- A. FSH
- B. ICSH
- C. testosterone
- D. GnRH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: GnRH. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released from the hypothalamus, stimulating the pituitary gland to produce FSH and LH, which then trigger the changes of puberty. FSH and LH are not the initial hormones that start puberty, but rather the result of GnRH stimulation. Testosterone and ICSH are also involved in puberty but are not the primary hormone that initiates the process.
During ovulation, the oocyte passes into the _____.
- A. uterine tube
- B. uterus
- C. pelvic cavity
- D. ovary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: uterine tube. During ovulation, the mature oocyte is released from the ovary and travels through the uterine tube (fallopian tube) towards the uterus for potential fertilization. The uterine tube is the pathway for the oocyte to reach the uterus. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the oocyte does not directly pass into the uterus, pelvic cavity, or ovary during ovulation.
Before intercourse, a woman irrigates her vagina with a solution that lowers the pH of the vaginal fluid to 4.5. What will be the effect on sperm cells in the vagina?
- A. Metabolic rate will increase
- B. Rate of movement will decrease
- C. Formation of prostaglandin E2 will increase
- D. Rate of oxygen consumption will increase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rate of movement will decrease. Sperm cells require a slightly alkaline environment to maintain their motility. Lowering the pH to 4.5 will create an acidic environment, causing decreased sperm motility. Choice A is incorrect as lowering pH doesn't affect metabolic rate. Choice C is incorrect because prostaglandin E2 formation is not directly related to pH changes. Choice D is incorrect as oxygen consumption rate of sperm cells is not affected by vaginal pH.
After a client has had a needle biopsy of the prostate gland using the transrectal approach, which statement is essential to include in the client teaching plan?
- A. The doctor will call you about the test results in a day or two.
- B. Serious infections frequently occur as a complication of this test.
- C. You will need to call the doctor if you have a fever or chills.
- D. It is normal to have rectal bleeding for a few days after the test.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fever and chills may indicate infection, a potential complication requiring prompt medical attention.