Nokea
Which one of the following is NOT one
- A. spermatid of the secondary sex characteristics
- B. primary spermatocyte typical of males?
- C. secondary spermatocyte
- D. deepening voice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a spermatid is a mature male germ cell that arises from the process of spermatogenesis, not a secondary sex characteristic.
- B is incorrect as a primary spermatocyte is indeed typical of males in the process of spermatogenesis.
- C is incorrect as a secondary spermatocyte is an intermediate stage in spermatogenesis.
- D is incorrect as deepening voice is a secondary sex characteristic associated with male puberty.
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Spermatogenesis is regulated by a negative feedback control system in which follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the steps in sperm cell formation. What is the negative feedback signal associated with sperm cell production that inhibits pituitary formation of FSH?
- A. Testosterone
- B. Inhibin
- C. Estrogen
- D. Luteinizing hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibin. Inhibin is a hormone secreted by the testes in response to high levels of sperm production. Inhibin acts as a negative feedback signal to the pituitary gland, inhibiting the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This helps to regulate spermatogenesis by preventing excessive FSH stimulation.
A: Testosterone is not the negative feedback signal for inhibiting FSH production. While testosterone does play a role in regulating spermatogenesis, it does not directly inhibit pituitary FSH production.
C: Estrogen is not involved in the negative feedback control system of spermatogenesis. Estrogen is more closely associated with the female reproductive system.
D: Luteinizing hormone is not the negative feedback signal for inhibiting FSH production. LH is involved in the regulation of testosterone production, not FSH.
A patient asks when she can stop having Pap (Papanicolaou) tests. What is the nurse’s most appropriate response?
- A. Until you are no longer sexually active.
- B. Through age 65.
- C. Until you begin menopause.
- D. Through the end of menopause.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Through age 65. This is because current guidelines recommend that women continue to have Pap tests every 3-5 years until age 65, assuming previous tests have been normal. This age cutoff is based on the decreasing risk of cervical cancer with age and the low likelihood of developing new HPV infections after this age. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the most up-to-date screening recommendations and may lead to unnecessary testing or missed opportunities for appropriate screening.
Which of the following is the primary sign of breast cancer?
- A. A bloody discharge from the nipple
- B. A dimpling of the skin over the lesion
- C. A retraction of the nipple
- D. A painless mass in the breast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A painless mass is often the first noticeable sign of breast cancer.
Benign tumors originating in the myometrium are
- A. Fibroids
- B. Rhabdomyoma
- C. Leiomyoma
- D. Both a & c
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (Both a & c) because benign tumors originating in the myometrium are typically either fibroids (choice A) or leiomyomas (choice C), which are essentially the same thing. Fibroids and leiomyomas are both non-cancerous growths arising from smooth muscle cells in the myometrium. Rhabdomyoma (choice B) is a benign tumor arising from striated muscle cells, not smooth muscle cells like fibroids and leiomyomas. So, choices A, B, and C are incorrect because only fibroids and leiomyomas specifically originate in the myometrium.
Which hormone inhibits the release of FSH from the pituitary gland?
- A. Inhibin
- B. Relaxin
- C. GnRH
- D. hCG
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Inhibin is produced by the ovaries and testes in response to FSH stimulation.
2. Inhibin acts as a negative feedback signal to inhibit further FSH release.
3. This mechanism helps regulate the levels of FSH in the body.
Summary:
- Relaxin is a hormone involved in pregnancy and does not directly inhibit FSH release.
- GnRH stimulates FSH release rather than inhibiting it.
- hCG is produced during pregnancy and does not have a direct role in inhibiting FSH secretion.