Nokea
Which hormone initiates the changes in puberty?
- A. FSH
- B. ICSH
- C. testosterone
- D. GnRH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: GnRH. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released from the hypothalamus, stimulating the pituitary gland to produce FSH and LH, which then trigger the changes of puberty. FSH and LH are not the initial hormones that start puberty, but rather the result of GnRH stimulation. Testosterone and ICSH are also involved in puberty but are not the primary hormone that initiates the process.
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The testosterone secretion is controlled by:
- A. the FSH;
- B. the LH;
- C. the corticoadrenal;
- D. the negative feedback of posterior pituitary;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: LH (luteinizing hormone) is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a key role in stimulating the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone.
Step 2: Testosterone secretion is directly controlled by the LH through this stimulation.
Step 3: FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is involved in sperm production, not testosterone secretion.
Step 4: Corticoadrenal hormones are related to stress response, not testosterone regulation.
Step 5: Negative feedback from the posterior pituitary does not directly control testosterone secretion.
Therefore, the correct answer is B (the LH) as it directly influences testosterone production.
Which of the following is not a role of semen?
- A. Semen dilutes sperm.
- B. The acidity of semen helps neutralize the pH environment of a female's vagina
- C. Semen contains enzymes that enhance sperm motility.
- D. Semen contains antibiotic chemicals that destroy bacteria
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because semen does not contain enzymes that enhance sperm motility. Sperm motility is primarily influenced by the structure and health of the sperm themselves. Semen aids in sperm transport, provides nutrients, buffers the acidic vaginal environment, and contains antibiotics. Enzymes in semen primarily help with liquefaction of semen after ejaculation, not sperm motility. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because semen does dilute sperm, neutralizes the acidic vaginal environment, and contains antibiotic chemicals, respectively.
While performing a breast examination on a 22-year-old client, you obtain all of these data. Which information is of most concern?
- A. Both breasts have many nodules in the upper, outer quadrants.
- B. Client complains of bilateral breast tenderness with palpation.
- C. The breast on the right side is slightly larger than the left breast.
- D. An irregularly shaped, nontender lump is palpable in the left breast.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An irregularly shaped, nontender lump may indicate malignancy, requiring further investigation.
Bone is partially broken, it breaks on one surface and bends on another is known as ________________.
- A. Colles fracture
- B. Greenstick fracture
- C. Impacted fracture
- D. Compression fracture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Greenstick fracture. This type of fracture occurs in children due to their bones being softer and more flexible. In a greenstick fracture, the bone is partially broken, breaking on one surface while bending on the other. This happens because children's bones have more collagen and less mineral content, making them more likely to bend rather than break completely.
A: Colles fracture is a specific type of wrist fracture where the distal radius is broken.
C: Impacted fracture occurs when the broken ends of the bone are driven into each other.
D: Compression fracture involves the bone being crushed or compressed, usually seen in the spine.
Which of these is not a function of estrogen?
- A. decreases adipose
- B. breast development
- C. increased skin blood vessels
- D. enlarges clitoris
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Estrogen does not decrease adipose tissue; it actually promotes fat deposition in certain body areas. Breast development, increased skin blood vessels, and enlargement of the clitoris are all functions of estrogen. Adipose tissue regulation is influenced by other hormones like insulin and cortisol.