Nokea
Bones that are fused across the joint space by surgery is termed as
- A. Ankylosis
- B. Arthrodesis
- C. Arthroplasty
- D. Arthroscopy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Arthrodesis. Arthrodesis refers to the surgical fusion of bones across a joint space. This procedure aims to stabilize a joint by creating a bony union. Ankylosis (A) is the natural fusion of bones due to disease or injury. Arthroplasty (C) involves replacing a damaged joint with an artificial prosthesis. Arthroscopy (D) is a minimally invasive procedure to visualize and treat joint problems without open surgery. In this context, only arthrodesis specifically involves fusing bones across a joint space.
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The point of junction of the muscle to the bone that moves is called the ___________________.
- A. Insertion
- B. Origin
- C. Sheath
- D. Fascia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insertion. The point of junction of the muscle to the bone that moves is called the insertion because this is where the muscle attaches to the bone that it acts upon. The insertion is typically located distally in relation to the origin of the muscle. The origin, choice B, refers to the point of attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone. Choices C and D, Sheath and Fascia, are incorrect as they do not specifically refer to the point of junction of the muscle to the bone that moves.
Fecundation:
- A. is monospermic;
- B. consists in the fusion between the male and female gametes;
- C. consists in the grafting of the egg at the level of the Fallopian tube;
- D. requires the existence of several fecundated spermatozoa;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: consists in the fusion between the male and female gametes. Fecundation, also known as fertilization, is the process where a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a zygote. This is a crucial step in sexual reproduction. The male gamete (sperm) and the female gamete (egg) come together to combine their genetic material, resulting in the formation of a new individual. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Monospermic means involving only one sperm, which is not accurate as multiple sperm may reach the egg but only one will fertilize it. C) Grafting of the egg at the Fallopian tube is not how fertilization occurs; fertilization typically takes place in the fallopian tube but does not involve grafting. D) Fecundation does not require the existence of several fecundated spermatozoa; only one sperm is needed for fertilization to occur.
While taking a history of a patient with an enlarged prostate, the nurse expects the patient to report which symptom?
- A. Painful urination with each voiding
- B. Blood in the urine upon arising
- C. Waking from sleep to urinate
- D. Incontinence throughout the day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Waking from sleep to urinate. This symptom, known as nocturia, is common in patients with an enlarged prostate due to increased pressure on the bladder causing frequent urination at night. This is a classic sign of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Painful urination (choice A) is more indicative of a urinary tract infection. Blood in the urine (choice B) could suggest other conditions like bladder cancer. Incontinence throughout the day (choice D) is more commonly associated with other urinary issues such as overactive bladder or pelvic floor dysfunction.
Wolffian duct is also known as ____________.
- A. Mesonephric duct
- B. Ejaculatory duct
- C. Major sublingual duct
- D. Cystic duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mesonephric duct. The Wolffian duct is also known as the mesonephric duct because it develops in the embryo to form the male reproductive system. It gives rise to various structures such as the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles. The other choices are incorrect because the ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle, the major sublingual duct is associated with saliva production, and the cystic duct is part of the biliary system and not related to the male reproductive system.
Choose the CORRECT statement regarding events that occur in metaphase II.
- A. Sister chromatids may no longer be identical to each other.
- B. Homologous chromosomes line up at metaphase plat
- C. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes occurs.
- D. Homologous chromosomes begin to separat
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Sister chromatids may no longer be identical to each other.
Rationale:
1. In metaphase II, sister chromatids align at the metaphase plate.
2. During meiosis II, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
3. Due to potential crossing over in meiosis I, sister chromatids may not be identical in meiosis II.
4. This variability contributes to genetic diversity in the resulting gametes.
Summary:
B: Homologous chromosomes do not line up in metaphase II; they already separated in meiosis I.
C: Crossing over occurs in meiosis I, not in meiosis II.
D: Homologous chromosomes start to separate in anaphase I, not metaphase II.