Nokea
Which of the following events do not take place after fertilization.
- A. a sperm is drawn into the egg and egg completes it first meiotic division
- B. the second polar body forms
- C. egg releases secretory vesicles to block polyspermy
- D. egg enzymes are activated and embryogenesis begins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After fertilization, the sperm and egg nuclei fuse to form a zygote. The egg completes its first meiotic division before fertilization, so A is incorrect. B is incorrect because the second polar body forms after fertilization. C is incorrect as the egg releases secretory vesicles to block polyspermy post-fertilization. D is incorrect as egg enzymes are activated post-fertilization to initiate embryogenesis. Thus, the answer is A, as the completion of the first meiotic division occurs before fertilization.
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Which hormone is made by the interstitial cells of the testis?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Testosterone
- C. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
- D. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Certainly. The correct answer is B: Testosterone. Interstitial cells of the testis, also known as Leydig cells, synthesize and secrete testosterone. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues and characteristics. Estrogen (A) is primarily produced in the ovaries in females. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (C) is produced by the placenta during pregnancy. Luteinizing hormone (LH) (D) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone.
Before intercourse, a woman irrigates her vagina with a solution that lowers the pH of the vaginal fluid to 4.5. What will be the effect on sperm cells in the vagina?
- A. Metabolic rate will increase
- B. Rate of movement will decrease
- C. Formation of prostaglandin E2 will increase
- D. Rate of oxygen consumption will increase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rate of movement will decrease. Sperm cells require a slightly alkaline environment to maintain their motility. Lowering the pH to 4.5 will create an acidic environment, causing decreased sperm motility. Choice A is incorrect as lowering pH doesn't affect metabolic rate. Choice C is incorrect because prostaglandin E2 formation is not directly related to pH changes. Choice D is incorrect as oxygen consumption rate of sperm cells is not affected by vaginal pH.
Sperm maturation occurs in the
- A. seminiferous tubules
- B. epididymis
- C. vas deferens
- D. urethra
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: epididymis. Sperm maturation occurs in the epididymis, a coiled tube located on the posterior surface of the testes. Here, sperm undergo the process of capacitation, gaining the ability to fertilize an egg. The seminiferous tubules (choice A) are responsible for sperm production, not maturation. The vas deferens (choice C) is a duct that carries mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra, and the urethra (choice D) is a passage for both urine and sperm but not the site of sperm maturation.
When instructing a patient about the risk factors associated with breast cancer, which one of the following should be identified as a myth?
- A. Breast cancer often follows an injury to the breast
- B. The incidence of breast cancer increases with age
- C. Women whose mothers or sisters have had breast cancer are twice as likely to develop it
- D. A diet high in animal fat has been linked with an increased incidence of breast cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The idea that breast cancer often follows an injury to the breast is a myth; there is no evidence supporting this claim.
A client diagnosed with a vaginal fistula is at risk for low self-esteem. Which of the following would be an appropriate recommendation for the client?
- A. Wear disposable, absorbent incontinence briefs
- B. Avoid the use of commercial deodorizers at home
- C. Abstain from sexual intercourse
- D. Avoid frequent douches
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Disposable, absorbent incontinence briefs can help manage symptoms and improve comfort and confidence.