Nokea
Besides your urinary system, what other organs in your body help in excretion?
- A. lungs
- B. skin
- C. skin and lungs
- D. none of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Both the lungs (excreting carbon dioxide) and skin (excreting sweat) aid in excretion.
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Following a diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a 70-year-old woman undergoes gastrectomy. Her physician informs her that she will require lifelong intramuscular vitamin B12 injections. Which specific type of cells' absence is responsible for the need for vitamin replacement?
- A. Chief cells
- B. G cells
- C. Goblet cells
- D. Parietal cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption; their absence after gastrectomy necessitates B12 injections.
If for some reason the parietal cells of the gut epithelium become partially nonfunctional, what is likely to happen?
- A. The pH of stomach will fall abruptly
- B. Steapsin will be more effective
- C. Proteins will not be adequately hydrolysed by pepsin into proteoses and peptones
- D. The pancreatic enzymes and specially the trypsin and lipase will not work efficiently
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete HCl; if nonfunctional, the stomach pH rises, reducing pepsin's protein digestion efficiency.
Submandibular gland following is true except:
- A. Has thick capsule & thin septa
- B. Formed mainly of serous acini
- C. Has no striated ducts
- D. Secrete 70% of salivary secretion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The submandibular gland has prominent striated ducts, like other major salivary glands.
A client is to have a sigmoidoscopy to examine the sigmoid area of the gastrointestinal system. In teaching the client about the procedure, the nurse would explain that the purpose of the procedure is to examine the:
- A. Distal large intestine
- B. Stomach and small intestine
- C. Liver
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A sigmoidoscopy examines the sigmoid colon, part of the distal large intestine.
Which of the following substances is considered inorganic?
- A. minerals
- B. fats
- C. carbohydrates
- D. proteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Minerals are inorganic substances, unlike fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, which are organic.