Nokea
A client is to have a sigmoidoscopy to examine the sigmoid area of the gastrointestinal system. In teaching the client about the procedure, the nurse would explain that the purpose of the procedure is to examine the:
- A. Distal large intestine
- B. Stomach and small intestine
- C. Liver
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A sigmoidoscopy examines the sigmoid colon, part of the distal large intestine.
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One of the following is not true about the enteroendocrine cells:
- A. They are present in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
- B. They are of two types open and closed.
- C. They deliver their secretions only in the git lumen.
- D. They are also called argentaffine cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enteroendocrine cells release hormones into the bloodstream (endocrine function), not just the GIT lumen.
If for some reason the parietal cells of the gut epithelium become partially nonfunctional, what is likely to happen?
- A. The pH of stomach will fall abruptly
- B. Steapsin will be more effective
- C. Proteins will not be adequately hydrolysed by pepsin into proteoses and peptones
- D. The pancreatic enzymes and specially the trypsin and lipase will not work efficiently
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete HCl; if nonfunctional, the stomach pH rises, reducing pepsin's protein digestion efficiency.
Number of teeth which are monophyodont in man is-
- A. 4
- B. 22
- C. 32
- D. 12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Humans have 12 monophyodont teeth (premolars and molars), which erupt only once, unlike diphyodont teeth (incisors, canines) that replace milk teeth.
Which of the following substances is considered inorganic?
- A. minerals
- B. fats
- C. carbohydrates
- D. proteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Minerals are inorganic substances, unlike fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, which are organic.
Based on knowledge of anatomy and physiology, are there any diet considerations that the student should include in the teaching plan?
- A. Low-fat, enzyme-supplemented diet
- B. High-fiber diet only
- C. Low-protein diet
- D. No dietary changes needed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-pancreatectomy, a low-fat diet with enzyme supplements is necessary due to impaired digestion.