Nokea
Blood flow connection between the systemic, aorta, pulmonary blood flow, and pulmonary artery is which fetal shunt?
- A. ductus venosus
- B. foramen ovale
- C. ductus arteriosus
- D. foramen venosus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: ductus arteriosus. During fetal circulation, the ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta. This shunt is crucial for directing blood from the right side of the heart to the systemic circulation. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: The ductus venosus shunts blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.
B: The foramen ovale allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs.
D: There is no structure known as foramen venosus in fetal circulation.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which diagnosis is most appropriate for a newborn who has not voided within 24 hours after delivery?
- A. Hypovolemia related to insufficient fluid intake
- B. Altered growth and development related to gestational age of 36 weeks
- C. Altered nutrition, less than body requirements related to failure to properly latch onto the breast
- D. Constipation related to failure to pass a meconium stool and possible bowel obstruction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypovolemia related to insufficient fluid intake. In a newborn, the inability to void within 24 hours after birth can indicate dehydration and hypovolemia due to insufficient fluid intake. Newborns need to pass urine within the first 24 hours of life to show adequate hydration. Altered growth and development (choice B) is not relevant to the immediate concern of no voiding. Altered nutrition (choice C) is unlikely to cause the absence of urine output. Constipation (choice D) is less likely in a newborn and is not the primary concern when a newborn fails to void.
An infant with a congenital cardiac disorder is receiving postsurgical palliation and nearing time for discharge. What findings would be indicators that the infant is ready for discharge?
- A. The infant is medically ready, has had all routine discharge screenings, and is up to date on their vaccinations.
- B. The home caregiver has not been able to come to the hospital and has not received either CPR or needed NG tube training.
- C. The respiratory therapist has done a home evaluation, which showed the home environment was appropriate, but the DME has not shipped the ventilator or oxygen delivery equipment.
- D. The infant is escalating on oxygen requirements and unable to maintain their temperature between 36.6° C and 38° C.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Medical readiness, completed screenings, and up-to-date vaccinations indicate discharge readiness.
An infant weighing 4.1 kg was born 2 hours ago at 37 weeks of gestation. The infant appears chubby with a flushed complexion and is very tremulous. The tremors are most likely the result of:
- A. Hypocalcemia
- B. Birth injury
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Seizures
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypoglycemia often presents with tremors, irritability, and poor feeding in newborns. It is common due to the high energy demands and limited glycogen stores.
A breastfeeding mother asks the postpartum nurse if any supplementation is necessary once her breast milk comes in. What is the nurse's most appropriate response?
- A. Are you concerned about your ability to adequately nurse your baby?'
- B. Do you eat a well-balanced diet, high in protein and carbohydrates?'
- C. Breast milk is low in vitamin D and supplementation with 400 IU is recommended.'
- D. Your breast milk has all the vitamins and will adequately meet your baby's needs.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because breast milk is indeed low in vitamin D, and supplementation with 400 IU is recommended to ensure the baby's needs are met. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the mother's concerns rather than the baby's nutritional needs. Choice B is irrelevant to the specific question about vitamin supplementation. Choice D is incorrect as breast milk lacks sufficient vitamin D, necessitating supplementation.
Which statement is most accurate regarding delivery of a newborn?
- A. Infants delivered via cesarean section are at lower risk of transitional problems.
- B. Vaginal deliveries increase the risk of infants aspirating lung fluid.
- C. Cesarean deliveries do not allow for thoracic squeeze of fluid.
- D. Vaginal deliveries are often avoided in term infants.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Cesarean deliveries do not allow for thoracic squeeze of fluid. During vaginal delivery, the infant's thorax undergoes a squeezing motion which helps to expel the amniotic fluid from the lungs, reducing the risk of respiratory issues. In contrast, infants delivered via cesarean section do not experience this thoracic squeeze, potentially leading to a higher risk of respiratory problems.
A is incorrect because infants delivered via cesarean section may actually have higher risks of transitional problems due to the lack of thoracic squeeze. B is incorrect as vaginal deliveries facilitate the natural process of clearing lung fluid. D is incorrect as vaginal deliveries are the preferred method for term infants when possible, as they provide various benefits for both the mother and the baby.