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Bob, who has Huntington's disease, tells you that he sees the same symptoms of the disease in his 13-year-old son. You respond by saying
- A. Your son probably has the early symptoms of the disease.
- B. Symptoms usually appear between the ages of 30 and 50; however, you may want to ask your physician about genetic testing that can detect if your son has the gene that is associated with Huntington's disease.
- C. Symptoms usually appear before the age of 30; you may want to ask your physician about genetic testing.
- D. Huntington's disease is genetically transmitted.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Huntington's disease typically manifests in adulthood, but genetic testing can confirm early cases.
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Several cultural groups avoid direct eye contact and consider it disrespectful or aggressive. Which cultural group may not return a direct gaze?
- A. Arab
- B. Asian
- C. Hispanic
- D. Native American
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In many Asian cultures, avoiding direct eye contact signifies respect, particularly toward authority figures or elders.
Why does the circulating nurse remove a tightly rolled blanket from under Mrs. West’s knees?
- A. Prevent damage to nerves and circulation
- B. Provide a flat surface for the sterile field
- C. Stretch lower leg muscles to prevent strain
- D. Facilitate access to the surgical site
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Improper positioning can cause nerve compression and circulatory issues.
Which process is defined as the movement of fluid and some dissolved substances through a semipermeable membrane according to pressure differences?
- A. Osmosis
- B. Diffusion
- C. Active Transport
- D. Filtration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Filtration involves the movement of fluid and solutes across a semipermeable membrane due to hydrostatic or osmotic pressure differences.
Most of the danger associated with pneumoconioses is due to
- A. Unnecessary anxiety created by environmentalists
- B. The dark, wet mining environment
- C. Inhalation and retention of dust particles
- D. The fact that most miners also smoke cigarettes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inhaling dust particles damages lung tissue, leading to fibrosis.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of three-step analgesic ladder when deciding on pain management. In order of first choice to second choice to third choice, the following drug categories are used:
- A. NSAIDs,nonopioids and opioids
- B. Nonopioids opioid antagonists and opioids
- C. Nonopioids opioids and adjuvant agents
- D. NSAIDs opioids and adjuvant agent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The WHO analgesic ladder starts with nonopioid analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen), progresses to weak opioids if needed, and finally includes strong opioids along with adjuvant therapies for severe pain.