Nokea
Braxton Hicks contractions are a sign
- A. progesterone of
- B. oxytocin
- C. parturition.
- D. childbirth.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: oxytocin. Braxton Hicks contractions are irregular, painless contractions of the uterus that occur throughout pregnancy. Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for stimulating contractions during labor. Therefore, the presence of Braxton Hicks contractions indicates the preparation of the uterus for labor under the influence of oxytocin. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the physiological mechanism of Braxton Hicks contractions.
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The vascularization of the ovary is provided by the:
- A. the gonadal artery, of the abdominal aorta;
- B. the ovarian branch of the uterine artery;
- C. the ovarian artery, of the external iliac artery;
- D. the Fallopian artery;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: the ovarian branch of the uterine artery. The ovary receives its blood supply primarily from the ovarian artery, which arises from the abdominal aorta. However, the ovarian artery is a short vessel that anastomoses with the uterine artery, providing the main vascularization of the ovary. The other choices are incorrect because: A) the gonadal artery arises from the internal iliac artery, not the abdominal aorta; C) the ovarian artery does not arise from the external iliac artery; D) there is no specific Fallopian artery responsible for ovarian vascularization.
Which of the following is true about placenta?
- A. It produces the hormone hCG.
- B. It stimulates development of the follicle
- C. Implantation site for developing embryo.
- D. It stimulates development of corpus luteum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: It produces the hormone hCG. The placenta is responsible for producing the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is essential for maintaining pregnancy by supporting the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. This hormone is also detected in pregnancy tests.
Choice B is incorrect because the placenta does not stimulate development of the follicle; rather, it supports the corpus luteum. Choice C is incorrect as the implantation site for the developing embryo is the endometrium of the uterus, not the placenta itself. Choice D is incorrect because the placenta does not stimulate the development of the corpus luteum; instead, it supports its function through hCG production.
The vagina is inserted on the:
- A. uterine corpus;
- B. uterine cervix;
- C. Fallopian tube;
- D. cervix
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: cervix. The vagina is inserted on the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina. The cervix serves as a passageway for sperm to enter the uterus and for menstrual blood to exit. The other choices (A: uterine corpus, B: uterine cervix, C: Fallopian tube) are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the anatomical structure where the vagina is inserted. It is essential to understand the specific anatomical relationships to identify the correct answer.
A 30-year-old woman is breast-feeding her infant. During suckling, which of the following hormonal responses is expected?
- A. Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the supraoptic nuclei
- B. Increased secretion of ADH from the paraventricular nuclei
- C. Increased secretion of oxytocin from the paraventricular nuclei
- D. Decreased secretion of neurophysin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased secretion of oxytocin from the paraventricular nuclei. During breast-feeding, oxytocin is released from the paraventricular nuclei in response to suckling. Oxytocin stimulates the contraction of myoepithelial cells around the alveoli and ducts in the breast, facilitating milk ejection. This response helps in the release of milk for the infant's feeding.
Rationale:
- Choice A is incorrect because ADH is not directly related to breast-feeding.
- Choice B is incorrect because ADH is not primarily released from the paraventricular nuclei in response to breast-feeding.
- Choice D is incorrect as neurophysin is not directly involved in the hormonal response during breast-feeding.
The female sex of the child involves the following during fecundation:
- A. the spermatozoon should contain the X sex chromosome;
- B. the spermatozoon should contain the Y sex chromosome;
- C. the ovule should contain the contain the Y sex chromosome;
- D. the spermatozoon should contain the X sex chromosome and the ovule should contain the contain the X sex chromosome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because during fecundation, the female sex of the child is determined by the presence of the X sex chromosome in the spermatozoon and the ovule. This leads to the combination of XX chromosomes, resulting in a female child. Choice A (spermatozoon with X chromosome) alone would lead to a female child, but it requires the ovule to also have an X chromosome for the correct combination. Choice B (spermatozoon with Y chromosome) would result in a male child. Choice C (ovule with Y chromosome) is incorrect as the ovule always contains an X chromosome. Thus, the correct combination for a female child is when the spermatozoon contains the X chromosome and the ovule contains the X chromosome.