Nokea
Calcium is a mineral found in many foods that can slow bone loss during the aging process. Which food is high in calcium?
- A. Oranges
- B. Bananas
- C. Spinach
- D. Eggs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spinach and green vegetables, as well as yogurt, are considered calcium-rich foods. Fresh oranges, bananas, and eggs are not good calcium choices.
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The nurse explains that the use of the brace allows a person with a cervical fracture to be mobile.
Correct Answer: halo
Rationale: Halo braces attach to the skull with pins, which stabilize a cervical vertebral fracture, allowing the patient to be mobile.
When a patient recovering from a fractured tibia asks what callus formation is, the nurse provides which explanation?
- A. when blood vessels of the bone are compressed.
- B. a part of the bone healing process after a fracture when new bone is being formed over the fracture site.
- C. the formation of a clot over the fracture site.
- D. when the hematoma becomes organized and a fibrin meshwork is formed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Callus formation occurs when the osteoblasts continue to lay the network for bone buildup and osteoclasts destroy dead bone. In compartment syndrome, blood vessels are compressed. Clot formation and hematoma organization occur in different phases of the bone healing process.
The patient, age 58, is diagnosed with osteoporosis after densitometry testing. She has been menopausal for 5 years and has been concerned about her risk for osteoporosis because her mother has osteoporosis. When reinforcing instructions about her osteoporosis, which information does the nurse include?
- A. Even with a family history of osteoporosis, the calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increased calcium intake and exercise.
- B. Estrogen replacement therapy must be started to prevent rapid progression of her osteoporosis.
- C. With a family history of osteoporosis, there is no way to prevent or slow bone reabsorption.
- D. Continuous, low-dose corticosteroid treatment is effective in stopping the course of osteoporosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To prevent osteoporosis, women are advised to have an adequate daily intake of calcium and vitamin D; exercise regularly; avoid smoking; decrease caffeine intake; decrease excess protein in the diet; and engage in regular moderate activity such as walking, bike riding, or swimming at least 3 days a week. Estrogen does not increase bone formation. Prevention of osteoporosis should begin before bone loss has occurred. A contributing factor may be use of steroids.
The nurse explains to a patient who has had a hip replacement that warfarin is prescribed for which reason?
- A. increase the red blood cells.
- B. reduce the threat of hemorrhage.
- C. prevent formation of emboli.
- D. help stabilize the prosthesis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warfarin is a standard postsurgical drug to prevent the formation of emboli. Warfarin does not increase red blood cells. The risk of hemorrhage is higher when an anticoagulant is taken. Warfarin does not help stabilize the prosthesis.
The office nurse has noted the presence of an increase in lumbar curvature in a 20-year-old female patient. What is this condition known as?
- A. Scoliosis
- B. Lordosis
- C. Kyphosis
- D. Spondylitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Common deformities include an increase in the curve at the lumbar space region that throws the shoulder back, making the 'lordly or kingly' appearance that is known as lordosis. Scoliosis involves the S curvature of the spine. Kyphosis is the rounding of the thoracic spine. Spondylitis is not explained as an increase in lumbar curvature.