Nokea
Carvedilol is heavily metabolized by CYP2D6 and 2C9, resulting in drug interactions with which of the following drug classes?
- A. Histamine 2 blockers
- B. Quinolones
- C. Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SSRIs inhibit CYP2D6, increasing carvedilol levels and effects.
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The action of 'gliptins' is different from other antidiabetic agents because they:
- A. Have a low risk for hypoglycemia
- B. Are not associated with weight gain
- C. Close ATP-dependent potassium channels in the beta cell
- D. Act on the incretin system to indirectly increase insulin production
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gliptins enhance incretin activity, boosting insulin secretion without hypoglycemia risk , unlike sulfonylureas .
A patient is diagnosed with tinea capitis. The provider will order which systemic antifungal medication for this patient?
- A. Anidulafungin (Eraxis)
- B. Fluconazole (Diflucan)
- C. Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)
- D. Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Griseofulvin treats tinea capitis systemically; fluconazole or ketoconazole are less specific. Griseofulvin is used to treat tinea capitis.
The telephone triage nurse receives a call from a patient asking for a prescription for a narcotic to manage his surgical pain. The nurse explains that narcotic prescriptions must be written and cannot be called in to the pharmacy. The patient says, Why are narcotics so difficult to get a prescription for? What is the nurses best response?
- A. The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) determines the risk for addiction and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforces their control.
- B. The increase in the number of drug addicts has made the rules stronger.
- C. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regulates use of controlled substances to reduce the risk of injury.
- D. Controlled substances like narcotics are controlled by the FDA and the DEA.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Controlled substances are controlled by the FDA and the DEA: the DEA enforces control while the FDA determines abuse potential. Regulations related to controlled substances have remained strict and specific and have not been significantly impacted by substance abusers. The CDC is not involved in control of narcotics and other controlled substances.
Beta-1 receptors are found in the heart and kidney, whereas beta-2 receptors are found in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, vascular smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This is a correct description of beta receptor distribution.
Ciprofloxacin otic drops are contraindicated in:
- A. Children
- B. Patients with acute otitis externa
- C. Patients with a perforated tympanic membrane
- D. Swimmer's ear
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ciprofloxacin otic risks ototoxicity with perforated eardrums; it's safe in kids or swimmer's ear .