Nokea
All of following drugs are metabolized in body by acetylation except:
- A. INH
- B. Hydralazine
- C. Procainamide
- D. Dilantin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dilantin (phenytoin) is metabolized by hydroxylation, not acetylation.
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Niaspan is less likely to cause which side effect that is common to niacin?
- A. Gastrointestinal irritation
- B. Cutaneous flushing
- C. Dehydration
- D. Headaches
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Niaspan's extended-release form reduces flushing compared to immediate-release niacin.
Diane may benefit from cyclosporine (Sandimmune). Cyclosporin may be prescribed to:
- A. Treat rheumatoid arthritis
- B. Treat patients with corn allergy
- C. Pregnant patients
- D. Treat patients with liver dysfunction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cyclosporine treats rheumatoid arthritis; corn allergy , pregnancy , or liver issues are not indications.
What is the most reliable method to calculate a pediatric patient's medication dosage?
- A. Age
- B. Height
- C. Body surface area (BSA)
- D. Placement on a growth scale
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most reliable method is by proportional amount of BSA or body weight. Because of the differences in weight among children, age is not a reliable method. Because of the differences in height among children, this is not a reliable method. Placement on a growth scale identifies how the child corresponds to other children on a percentile. Although it is determined by a specific measurement, the percentile identified would not be a specific measurement; therefore, this is not a reliable method.
An order is written for a patient to receive 1000 mL of normal saline IV over 8 hours. If the IV infusion set is a microdrip set that delivers 60 drops/mL, how many drops per minute should the patient be receiving?
- A. 60 drops/min
- B. 120 drops/min
- C. 240 drops/min
- D. 480 drops/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If a patient were to receive 1000 mL in 8 hours, dividing 1000 by 8 would mean that the patient would receive 125 mL in 1 hour, or 60 minutes. Setting up the equation, 60 drops/mL X = 125 mL/60 min, and cross-multiplying, the answer is 120 drops/min.
The nurse observes that after administration of a drug the patient has developed itching and a skin rash. The nurse interprets these findings as which of the following?
- A. Toxicity
- B. Allergic reaction
- C. Angioedema
- D. Crystalluria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic reactions are manifested by a variety of signs and symptoms including itching, skin rashes, and hives. Swollen eyelids, lips, and mouth are some of the symptoms of angioedema, an allergic drug reaction that may block the airway, causing asphyxia. Toxicity or toxic reactions are caused when blood concentration levels exceed the therapeutic level of drugs. Reduced blood pressure is called hypotension. Crystals in the urine are symptoms of crystalluria.