Nokea
The following adverse effects are associated with niacin EXCEPT:
- A. Flushing and itching
- B. Hypercuricemia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Pellagra
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pellagra is caused by niacin deficiency, not an adverse effect of niacin therapy.
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The nurse observes that after administration of a drug the patient has developed itching and a skin rash. The nurse interprets these findings as which of the following?
- A. Toxicity
- B. Allergic reaction
- C. Angioedema
- D. Crystalluria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic reactions are manifested by a variety of signs and symptoms including itching, skin rashes, and hives. Swollen eyelids, lips, and mouth are some of the symptoms of angioedema, an allergic drug reaction that may block the airway, causing asphyxia. Toxicity or toxic reactions are caused when blood concentration levels exceed the therapeutic level of drugs. Reduced blood pressure is called hypotension. Crystals in the urine are symptoms of crystalluria.
The action of 'gliptins' is different from other antidiabetic agents because they:
- A. Have a low risk for hypoglycemia
- B. Are not associated with weight gain
- C. Close ATP-dependent potassium channels in the beta cell
- D. Act on the incretin system to indirectly increase insulin production
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gliptins enhance incretin activity, boosting insulin secretion without hypoglycemia risk , unlike sulfonylureas .
Beta-1 receptors are found in the heart and kidney, whereas beta-2 receptors are found in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, vascular smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This is a correct description of beta receptor distribution.
A nurse is caring for a client who has increased intracranial pressure and is receiving Mannitol. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Blood glucose 150 mg/dL
- B. Urine output 40 mL/hr
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Bilateral equal pupil size
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dyspnea may indicate pulmonary edema, a potential complication of mannitol therapy.
The nurse is caring for a patient who takes several drugs. What patient would the nurse monitor most closely because of an increased risk for adverse effects of medications?
- A. The school-aged child
- B. The obese middle-aged man
- C. The adolescent
- D. The newborn infant
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Newborns have immature organs, increasing risk for adverse effects from multiple drugs.