Nokea
The action of 'gliptins' is different from other antidiabetic agents because they:
- A. Have a low risk for hypoglycemia
- B. Are not associated with weight gain
- C. Close ATP-dependent potassium channels in the beta cell
- D. Act on the incretin system to indirectly increase insulin production
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gliptins enhance incretin activity, boosting insulin secretion without hypoglycemia risk , unlike sulfonylureas .
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The nurse observes that after administration of a drug the patient has developed itching and a skin rash. The nurse interprets these findings as which of the following?
- A. Toxicity
- B. Allergic reaction
- C. Angioedema
- D. Crystalluria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic reactions are manifested by a variety of signs and symptoms including itching, skin rashes, and hives. Swollen eyelids, lips, and mouth are some of the symptoms of angioedema, an allergic drug reaction that may block the airway, causing asphyxia. Toxicity or toxic reactions are caused when blood concentration levels exceed the therapeutic level of drugs. Reduced blood pressure is called hypotension. Crystals in the urine are symptoms of crystalluria.
Discharge summaries using information technology have several advantages. They can:
- A. Replace the need for oral instruction because the patient has printed material to read at home
- B. Be filed with the patient's chart to document patient teaching
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IT discharge summaries document teaching but do not replace oral instructions.
Which classification does meperidine (Demerol) fall under?
- A. I
- B. II
- C. III
- D. IV
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meperidine (Demerol) is a Schedule II drug; it has a high potential for abuse and may lead to severe psychological and physical dependence.
Least half life is for which hormone
- A. Nor adrenaline
- B. Renin
- C. Aldosterone
- D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Noradrenaline has a very short half-life (minutes) due to rapid metabolism.
Patients receiving heparin therapy require monitoring of:
- A. Platelets every 2 to 3 days for thrombocytopenia that may occur on day 4 of therapy
- B. Electrolytes for elevated potassium levels in the first 24 hours of therapy
- C. INR throughout therapy to stay within the range of 2.0
- D. Blood pressure for hypertension that may occur in the first 2 days of treatment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heparin can cause thrombocytopenia (HIT) around day 4, requiring platelet checks; INR is for warfarin, not heparin.