Nokea
A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet may:
- A. Increase drug-metabolizing enzymes
- B. Decrease drug absorption from the GI tract
- C. Alter drug binding to plasma proteins
- D. Enhance drug elimination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High-protein diets can induce hepatic enzymes (e.g., CYP450), increasing drug metabolism.
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What describes the action of the body on the drug?
- A. Pharmacodynamics
- B. Pharmacokinetics
- C. Microbiology
- D. Physiology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, distinct from pharmacodynamics, which is the drug's effect on the body.
The nurse observes that after administration of a drug the patient has developed itching and a skin rash. The nurse interprets these findings as which of the following?
- A. Toxicity
- B. Allergic reaction
- C. Angioedema
- D. Crystalluria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic reactions are manifested by a variety of signs and symptoms including itching, skin rashes, and hives. Swollen eyelids, lips, and mouth are some of the symptoms of angioedema, an allergic drug reaction that may block the airway, causing asphyxia. Toxicity or toxic reactions are caused when blood concentration levels exceed the therapeutic level of drugs. Reduced blood pressure is called hypotension. Crystals in the urine are symptoms of crystalluria.
Which of the following is a thiazolidinediones:
- A. Pioglitazone
- B. Exenatide
- C. Sitagliptine
- D. Chlorpropamide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that enhances insulin sensitivity via PPAR-gamma.
A patient is diagnosed with tinea capitis. The provider will order which systemic antifungal medication for this patient?
- A. Anidulafungin (Eraxis)
- B. Fluconazole (Diflucan)
- C. Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)
- D. Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Griseofulvin treats tinea capitis systemically; fluconazole or ketoconazole are less specific. Griseofulvin is used to treat tinea capitis.
A 6 year old child was admitted to the emergency unit with suspicion of an accidental overdose of chlordiazepoxide. Which of the following antagonists may be administered as part of the initial treatment?
- A. Flumazenil
- B. Naloxone
- C. Fomepizole
- D. Nalorphine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine (e.g., chlordiazepoxide) overdose.