Nokea
Glucocorticoids causes:
- A. Inhibition of lipolysis
- B. Disposition of fat in upper and lower extremities
- C. Atrophy of fatty tissue on face and paleness
- D. Catabolism of bone tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glucocorticoids promote bone catabolism, leading to osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoblast activity and increasing osteoclast activity.
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What is the most reliable method to calculate a pediatric patient's medication dosage?
- A. Age
- B. Height
- C. Body surface area (BSA)
- D. Placement on a growth scale
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most reliable method is by proportional amount of BSA or body weight. Because of the differences in weight among children, age is not a reliable method. Because of the differences in height among children, this is not a reliable method. Placement on a growth scale identifies how the child corresponds to other children on a percentile. Although it is determined by a specific measurement, the percentile identified would not be a specific measurement; therefore, this is not a reliable method.
A patient is diagnosed with tinea capitis. The provider will order which systemic antifungal medication for this patient?
- A. Anidulafungin (Eraxis)
- B. Fluconazole (Diflucan)
- C. Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)
- D. Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Griseofulvin treats tinea capitis systemically; fluconazole or ketoconazole are less specific. Griseofulvin is used to treat tinea capitis.
The nurse is talking with a group of nursing students who are doing clinical hours on the unit. A student asks if all intramuscular (IM) drugs are absorbed the same. What factor would the floor nurse tell the students to affect absorption of the IM administration of drugs?
- A. Perfusion of blood to the subcutaneous tissue
- B. Integrity of the mucous membranes
- C. Environmental temperature
- D. Blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A cold environmental temperature can cause blood vessels to vasoconstrict and decreases absorption or in a hot environment vasodilate and increase absorption of IM medications. Blood flow to the subcutaneous tissues interferes with subcutaneous injection and blood flow to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract causes alterations in absorption for oral medications. The condition of mucous membranes can interfere with sublingual (under the tongue) and buccal (in the cheek) administration of drugs.
Digoxin is a drug that has been used to treat systolic heart failure for over 200 years. It has a therapeutic index value of 2. How many daily doses of digoxin will the average patient have to take at one time to have a 50:50 chance of developing toxic side effects?
- A. One
- B. Two
- C. I don't know
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With a therapeutic index of 2, the toxic dose is twice the therapeutic dose. Taking two daily doses at once would reach this threshold, giving a 50:50 chance of toxicity.
What would the nurse provide when preparing a patient for discharge and home medication self-administration?
- A. Personal contact information to use if the patient has questions
- B. Thorough medication teaching about drugs and the drug regimen
- C. Over-the-counter medications to use to treat potential adverse effects
- D. A sample size package of medication to take home until prescription is filled
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is responsible for providing thorough medication teaching about drugs and the drug regimen to ensure the patient knows how to take the medication and when to notify the provider. The nurse never provides personal contact information to a patient. If adverse effects arise, the patient is taught to call the health care provider and should not self-medicate with over-the-counter drugs, which could mask serious symptoms. The nurse never dispenses medication because it must be properly labeled for home use; this is done by the pharmacy.