Nokea
Least half life is for which hormone
- A. Nor adrenaline
- B. Renin
- C. Aldosterone
- D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Noradrenaline has a very short half-life (minutes) due to rapid metabolism.
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Which of the following is a thiazolidinediones:
- A. Pioglitazone
- B. Exenatide
- C. Sitagliptine
- D. Chlorpropamide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that enhances insulin sensitivity via PPAR-gamma.
The action of 'gliptins' is different from other antidiabetic agents because they:
- A. Have a low risk for hypoglycemia
- B. Are not associated with weight gain
- C. Close ATP-dependent potassium channels in the beta cell
- D. Act on the incretin system to indirectly increase insulin production
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gliptins enhance incretin activity, boosting insulin secretion without hypoglycemia risk , unlike sulfonylureas .
A physician has ordered intramuscular injections of morphine, a narcotic, every 4 hours as needed for pain for a motor vehicle accident victim. The nurse is aware that there is a high abuse potential for this drug, therefore, morphine is categorized as a:
- A. Schedule I drug
- B. Schedule II drug
- C. Schedule III drug
- D. Schedule IV drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Narcotics such as morphine are considered schedule II drugs because of the high abuse potential with severe dependence liability. Schedule I drugs have high abuse potential and no accepted medical use. Schedule III drugs have a lesser abuse potential than schedule II drugs and an accepted medical use. Schedule IV drugs have low abuse potential and limited dependence liability.
Digoxin is a drug that has been used to treat systolic heart failure for over 200 years. It has a therapeutic index value of 2. How many daily doses of digoxin will the average patient have to take at one time to have a 50:50 chance of developing toxic side effects?
- A. One
- B. Two
- C. I don't know
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With a therapeutic index of 2, the toxic dose is twice the therapeutic dose. Taking two daily doses at once would reach this threshold, giving a 50:50 chance of toxicity.
All of following drugs are metabolized in body by acetylation except:
- A. INH
- B. Hydralazine
- C. Procainamide
- D. Dilantin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dilantin (phenytoin) is metabolized by hydroxylation, not acetylation.